History Of Quality Management As It Relates To The US Air Force Research Paper

History Of Quality focusing As It Relates To The US line of reasoning Force - Research Paper ExampleTQM is an approach that can compound the competitiveness, effectiveness and flexibility of a whole constitution that requires planning, organizing and understanding individually activity (ONeill & Sohal, 1999). TQM has been applied to every industries with the focus on tincture improvement or achieving overall customer satisfaction. TQM in the US Air Force has its own significance and has been in practice for several decades. As the Federal government agnize the need for a smaller military force due to decreasing military threat from the source Soviet Union, the financial support to the military was reduced (Sanchez, 1997). This necessitated the reduction in the size of personnel from each service as well as eliminating many weapon systems. With the reduced number of airmen, seamen and soldiers the need for capacity became paramount (Moser & Bailey, 1997). TQM training was ins tituted in all branches of the armed forces and extended to the US defense industries as well. This written report researches how the application and utility of TQM has evolved and whether it has been able to enhance efficiency in the US Air Force.TQM has further been be as a process of straight improvement (Gonsalves, 2002) where continued effort is exerted by everyone in the organization to understand, meet and exceed customer expectations through quality enhancement (Hoang, 2009) where quality includes characteristics such as performance, features, durability, esthetics and service quality (Lian, 2001). Ho, Duffy and Shih (1999) emphasize that continuous improvement, customer focus, and teamwork form the core of TQM philosophy. TQM is a holistic ideal wherein all members of the organization participate in planning and implementing continuous quality improvement (Sanchez, 1997). Deming stated that to pass on success through TQM the managers must whole-heartedly believe in the philosophy and create an environment for the process to mold (DRon, 1998). Deming also offered suggestions for the managers to change their traditional mindset which included leadership, training, breaking down the barriers, not focusing on price alone, eliminating quotas and most importantly they should adopt the TQM principles. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) was established by recounting in 1987 to stimulate competition in the US line of credites. This is a prestigious laurels for excellence and quality achievement in the United States. This award was meant to recognize organizations that have outstanding processes and practices, and that focus on continuous improvement and where the practice is measureable. The MBNQA is basically a business review, a formal process to review how the business operates. Its implementation requires visionary leadership, social responsibility, focus on future, focus on results, managing for innovation and valuing employees a nd other stakeholders (Baldridge Award, 2005). The award is given to organizations that demonstrate exemplary achievements across seven dimensions - leadership, strategic planning, customer and market focus, measurement, analysis and fellowship management, human resources focus, process management, and business results.

Sustainable urban develpment Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 17500 words

Sustainable urban develpment - Thesis ExampleThe invisible impacts argon more deep rooted, though they ar difficult to see and assess. These invisible impacts include changes in the type of life, changing social structures and genetic changes. There are also several possible impacts of urban development, namely, outgrowth in employment opportunities, cost-effective and efficient supply of basic amenities like water, electricity, gas etc., approachability of medical and educational facilities, and promotion of safe and environmental friendly public transport system.The implementation sites are therefore required to be sustainable or assessed so as to evaluate the associated costs and benefits to the vicinity and to the life of the people. For this, various environmental impact assessment is carried out. There are several methods for carrying out the environmental impact assessment like the checklist method, the matrix method, the network method, the overlay method and the battell e method. While all the methods direct their applicability, Battelle method is found to be more holistic as it takes into account a large reduce of parameters related to the physical environment and human habitats and also assigns weights based on relative importance of the factors at the given site.The current study uses the Battelle method to evaluate a large implementation site at Hayeel. This implementation site, which is a mixed-use project, covers an area of 3,000,000 meter squares. The results of the Environmental Impact analysis show a electronegative EIU (Environmental Impact Unit) of -503.9 which means the development will affect the sustainability of the site. The research concludes with making several recommendations that can protagonist in mitigating the detrimental impacts of the implementation site. (I suggest you add some more specific recommendations based on your actual

Character Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Character Analysis - Essay ExampleThe character of juror number 8 cigaret be recognized as a person who is very creative. The name of Juror 8 is Fonda and he belongs to the field of architecture. The profession he is working in is alone enough to categorize his as a creative individual. This is because in the field of architecture an individual is responsible for designing structures that are carnal in nature. Architects are individuals involved in the area of creating buildings and designing homes and they have to be creative in their work in order to create new and improved designs (Puccio 346). Another reasons due to which he privy be referred to as a creative individual is that he has tremendous amount of experience in his field. Within the movie he can be witnessed performing various acts that reiterate the fact the he is quite a creative individual. For example while solving the mystery of whether the boy killed his father or not, he develops a blue print of the room in whi ch the father was living. Furthermore, he even tries to stage the boy my measuring the area that the father had travelled to open the door of his room.Fonda is a person who can be referred to as an individual who prefers making decisions in an honorable manner. There are various theories that suffice in identifying whether a person and his actions are honest or unhonorable. One such theory is the ethical decision making theory of utilitarianism. The theory argues that individuals and their decisions and action can be categorized as ethical if he makes decision while ensuring the his decisions lead to the benefit of the entire society and not just a few members of the society (Puccio 24). If his actions and decisions are considered under the light of utilitarianism, he can be considered as an ethical person. This is because unlike other individuals, he ignored his own self-interest and gave precedence to the interest of the young boy. collectable to his action of questioning the

Nutrition and physical activity needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nutrition and physical exertion needs - Essay ExampleFast fodder is relatively inexpensive, easy to obtain and requires no preparation, so it is often the main choice for the tenderest adults in this age group and for working p bents.The youngest adults in this group no longer have p arntal oversight, so freedom of choice may put them at take chances for maintenanceal deficiencies. Current economic conditions make it difficult for the youngest adults to purchase foods of higher nutrient content, which are more costly. Typically they are juggling part clipping jobs, college or technical school and active affectionate lives. The low cost, popularity and ease of fast foods makes it tempting to rely on them solely to meet nutritional needs. This is peculiarly true when young adults have busy schedules and little time for food preparation. College campuses and fast food eateries could focalisation on advertising and providing healthier food options, such as fruit salads, yogurt and other products that are lower in cost.While the older adults in the 18-35 group may spend more time selecting foods and may have more money to spend on healthier choices, they may still be faced with managing many responsibilities. Time is often a factor in deciding which foods to prepare for family meals and which foods are avoided. Those with children are responsible for meeting their nutritional needs as well. It becomes more challenging to meet the nutritional needs of an entire family when those responsible do not establish good eating habits as young adults. It is further complicated when adults responsible for the nutrition of others do not have an adequate understanding of nutrition and energy requirements.Various groups use labels to assist consumers of different cultures in selection of the appropriate and desirable food products. there are labels designed by Melbourne Kashrut Pty, Halal Australia and the Australian Dairy Corporation, to name a few. There is

INCREASING AIRLINE SALES THE CASE OF VIRGIN ATLANTIC Assignment

increase AIRLINE SALES THE CASE OF VIRGIN ATLANTIC - Assignment ExampleFundamentally, the report suggests that the major challenges in change magnitude company sales come from the internal structures and business strategies adopted by the company. The report suggests a number of possible options towards increasing sales for the company, including merchandising, partnerships among others. The report finally concludes by offering suggestions in the recommendations section, on ensuring sustained profitability through increased sales. Table of contents 1.Introduction 4 2.Methodology 4 3.Background to airline sedulousness 4 4.Background to Virgin Atlantic 5 5.Strategic market audit findings increasing airline sales 6 5.1.Customer choices 6 5.2.Competition 6 5.3.Code share agreements 7 5.4.Frequent-flyer program 7 5.5.Distribution channels 8 6.Strategic options 8 6.1.Partnerships 9 6.2.Merchandising 10 6.3.Consumer research 11 6.4.Competitive mapping 12 7.Recommendations 13 8.Conclusion 14 9.Bibliography 14 10.Appendices 17 11.Annotated bibliography 18 11.1.Primary sources 18 11.2.Secondary sources 19 1. Introduction This report will focus on the airline assiduity with item focus on ways of increasing sales for the Virgin Atlantic airline. ... 3. Background to airline industry The airline industry has continuously been transformed since the inception of aircrafts. Airlines have undertaken contrasting income generating methods through including freightage and escape among the items transported. Traditionally airlines offered passenger travel to individuals moving between different locations. Considered a luxury for many individuals, the increasing number of airlines has resulted in airline transport becoming recognised and increasingly utilised. The airlines have further provided different products for their clients aimed at maximising the number of passengers transported. Global ranking for airlines continues to be based on number of passengers transported a t heart passenger airlines. Increased competition at bottom the airline industry continues to present surmountable challenges to various carriers within the industry. Different carrier routes continue to be developed as well as different products aimed at enhancing sales. Within the airline industry, many carriers have continuously focused on enhancing customer satisfaction and temporary experience. Passenger carriers have also introduced other services like cargo and mail to increase revenue and diversify business opportunities. Many carriers have taken diversification further through acquisition of cargo planes. While some companies like DHL have specialised in cargo transportation, passenger carriers continue to grace in cargo as they diversify their business opportunities for sustainability 4. Background to Virgin Atlantic Virgin Atlantic is trademark of the Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited, registered in Britain as an airline based at the Gatwick airport in West

Scenario Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scenario Exam - raise ExampleIt is noted that Meredith Parker is a 36 year old woman who is a supervisor in a large department store. She works full time, leaving little time to spend with her 2 sm completely children aged 4 and 2. Over the last two months, Meredith has lost 10kg and has now begun to experience episodes of right hand sided pain under her ribs, radiating through to her shoulder blade. These have become more frequent, lasting for some(prenominal) hours with episodes of nausea and vomiting. Following a GP referral and investigations she has been admitted to the ward for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She stopped taking the combined unwritten contraceptive pill one year ago and smokes 15 cig arttes per day. In pre-admission clinic her observations were BP 140/84 mmHg pound rate 74 beats/min and regular respiratory rate 17 breaths/min temperature 36.8 o C, oxygen saturation 98%.Her waist circumference is 92cm. It is certain that with Meredith Parkers case there are numerous foreseeable consequences that she is likely to encounter if appropriate professional procedure is not impressed. As understandably highlighted in the chronicle of the affected role, she is a smoker. investigate indicate that smoking often rob the patients body of oxygen and significantly interferes with the body of the patient from recovering properly. As widely cited, there is look at to impress exercise prior to any surgical procedure. Arguably, exercising increases the level of fitness of a patient and it also promotes quick recovery. However, this are limited to some period of time before hospital admission. Research suggests that before any surgery, a patient needs to be subjected to various diagnostic tests. These might embroil chest x-ray, CT Scan, biopsies, bone scan, ventilation studies, bronchoscopy, and perhaps blood work. These constitute the prospective assessment. However, one liaison to content with is that these processes have to follow a particular p rotocol commonly referred to as ABCDEF. Certainly Meredith Parker has to tie up to the ABCDEF process. This way, she would be provided with A- Antibiotics shot/Anaesthetistconsulation, followed by B Blood tests and Bowel for purposes of monitoring proper urinary output, whencece C Consent from the patient in order to get be allowed to conduct a actors assistant X-ray (CXR). It is after this that Meridith Parker shall receive D Drug chart, which would concern any previous medication/DVT prophylaxis treatment, she would then undergo E Echocardiography (ECG) followed by F Fluid monitoring and Food intake, in which she would be unplowed on nothing per oral (NPO) for at least 12 hours before surgery. In a or else practical approach to Meredith Parker, it is worth noting that there are various steps towards surgery that involve all these procedures in a very specific way and cover the details of management even in six hours post operatively. The first step is to take a detailed h istory about the symptoms. This includes presenting complaints, history of presenting complaints, social, family, personal and drug history. It is essential that all the associated symptoms should be checked. It is important to note if there has been any convert in symptoms or if there is any doubt in diagnosis so that they can be checked again. After that, a detail examination is required. In our patient, we should especially

Darwin and Social Darwinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Darwin and Social Darwinism - Essay ExampleOwing to the general environment and direction of knowledge in the era, Lamarcks theoretical perspective surfaced as a dominant sibylline framework on the matter during the timeframe.Lamarcks comprehension of life forms suggested that the species desire to adapt perfectly and successfully into the environment prompted the utilization of their body parts in a certain manner which would eventually adjoin their overall structures, depending upon how the body parts were used (Schlinger and Poling 75). The crux of this comprehension postulates that these structural changes are such that they batch be transported to the progeny of the species as per Lamarcks argument. This theoretical model which is termed as the inheritance of acquired characteristics establishes the foundation for that a need for adapting within the wider context of the environment aided the species journey towards apotheosis where a point of perfection was eventually attai ned and the transformation of life forms ceased to exist at that stage (Schlinger and Poling 75). However, the weakness of Lamarcks suggestions lies in a lack or even scarcity of evidence which should be presented so that his findings can be marked with the stamp of validity. Indeed even regular observations of individuals and their military issue can shed light on the fact that the physical traits of an athlete cannot be passed upon to his/her child in the form of agility and dexterity if the offspring does not expend similar effort to attain the desired outcomes. Schlinger and Poling understand that Darwins theoretical enter was developed as a consequence his journey on H.M.S Beagle which allowed him to explore the vastness of life forms and creations that had antecedently remained unexplored (76). Thus, a strong point of disagreement between Darwins theory of natural pickaxe and Lamarcks stance on

Susan Power's Scared Wilderness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Susan federal agency&aposs Scared Wilderness - Essay ExampleDifferent backgrounds and eras gave them an idea to restore foundation to pull through the dream of American women. The novel is taking us through the time, when the Mohawk were living on the dirt of present-day Minnesota.The fourth novel by Susan Power is taking up to the centre cultural and spiritual traditions. We are getting cognizance with four women Gladys Swan is enjoying the earthly concernsions on St. Pauls Avenue. She is a housekeeper in the house of Candace Jenssen, who is well-to-do lady. She has all necessary material goods, she does not suffers from poverty, in spite of this she has a need of spirit, being in disconnection with her husband and the sources and heritage of her Mohawk culture. Gladys, being as the elder of an Ojibwe, is sentiment about putting Candace in touch with her ancestors as her private mission. However, Candace does not know about this idea. gorgeous Maryam is her co-conspirator in this unusual task.Candace dismisses appeals of Maryam, thinking about her as a hallucination caused by a learning ability tumor. Maryam changes the strategy, appealing to Gladys, who is very glad to meet a sister, who would join to her work and share her entrust to help Candace. The author is trying to show is the images of the prehistoric biblical times, giving the readers an interesting re-imagining of first meetings of subjective Americans with the missionaries of the Christian religion. She makes the reader to look from another fresh point of view to the lives Mary, Joseph and Jesus. Al this is happening in addition to the Powers contemporary line of story, returning to the traditions of ancient cultures, which the imaginative time-traveler would be fit to found in the early 17th century on the territory belonging to the Mohawk people, when man were hunting the food and female Mohawks looked after the gardens and collected vegetables to feed the tribes. Do you really want to be reduced to some kind of throwback stereotype from the Dark Ages?

Marketing and the Information Technology Sector Research Paper

merchandising and the Information Technology Sector - Research Paper ExampleAn analysis would consider the physical characteristics of the product and therefore its transportation and storage needs, the promotional activities associated with the product, the sensitivity of sale volumes of the product to price changes, and what distri exactlyion coverage is best met by customer demand for the product, i.e. whether the product should have mass distribution or a more exclusive distribution. Depending on the coverage of distribution required, the marketer would then be able to finalise whether to use resellers, such as wholesalers or retailers, to assist with getting the product to the customer, or to use specialness service firms who would act as brokers in bringing the customer to the product. Another important aspect the marketer has to consider in choosing channel partners is the type of relationship, whether independent or dependent arrangements would be used to operate the pr oduct to the customer.2. How effective is the Tutorial in presenting the actual In covering the issues related to product distribution, the material bring home the bacond in the tutorial can be easily understood by those without any marketing experience. In providing links to specific issues, the reader need not go through the entire tutorial but can select a topic that is of interest, and summary charts, such as those in the Wholesalers and Retailers section are well used to assist the reader with assimilating all the information in a topic. disposed(p) the breadth of information available in the tutorial, there are aspects of the tutorial that do not provide the depth of information required by some marketing specialists thus requiring further research elsewhere. Unfortunately, the tutorial does not provide any sources for further information.

Strategic human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic adult male resource management - Essay ExampleThe increased power of any system of rules may be due to ideal way of utilizing the human resources which is accelerated by the successful implementation of strategic human resource management. Only those organizations who adopt the flexible management strategies fit in the present day global market as the element of competition creeps in at a faster rate day by day (Schuler, 1992). This necessitates the application of key strategies found on the changes in the tastes of the customers and market demand. The strategic human resource management plays snappy role in supplying the necessary information to the managers related to the production of best quality produce so that the organization survives in the global market. In other words, the formulation of strategic human resource management is grave to come up with innovative products that compete well with other market players. Several emerging issues that strategic human re source management systems must include are technological fluidity, workforce demographic changes and fault worker values (Lepak and Shaw, 2008). One should keep in mind that various elements or indicators of strategic human resource management like structure, team work, style, dynamic leadership, employee organization commitment and creativity help in enhancing the organizational readiness. Ideal structure of the organization facilitates efficient flow of resources and hence it results in increasing the overall efficiency of the organization (Kenneth et al., 2006). Employee organization commitment also plays crucial role in enhancing the organizational efficiency by reducing the absenteeism and improving the employee adaptability to the organizational changes (Su et al., 2009). Dynamic leadership is another key indicator that aid in overall monitoring and guidance of the key operations of any organization. Similarly, the team work plays vital role in production of quality produc t by the integration

Technology, Society, and Culture Group Project Term Paper

Technology, Society, and Culture Group Project - Term study Examplena, Evaristo and Srite (2005) values ar acquired early in life through childhood socialization and education, and argon often stable in nature but can change over time reflecting changes in culture. Practices develop tardilyr in life through activities much(prenominal) as workplace socialization, and are more subject to change than values.According to a cross-cultural research conducted by Kawabata and Tamura (2007) there is special religious use of the Internet by the Japanese in comparison to the US in wound of a high Internet penetration rate of 66.8% and estimated 85.29 million users by the end of 2005Internet exchanges are primarily text-based interactions, whereas the new religions, which are more active in Japan than Buddhism or Christianity, have a strong element of religious activities that are physical action-oriented and cannot be translated into text.The structure of public education in Japan is lar gely based on the American model of education adopted after world War II. Practically almost 100% of Japanese students complete its nine-year compulsory education core.In the late 1980s, the Ministry of Education included computer literacy courses in technology education programs in lower secondary schools to help oneself students understand the roles and functions of computers, and develop capability for the use of computers and information (Murata & Stern, 1993).Combining these new computer courses with introduction of interconnected problem solving courses such as mechatronics, applied mechatronics and independent project study at speed secondary technical courses greatly increased the technical human capacity in Japan.Japan has besides been able to leverage its superior computer technology and skills to create some of the largest and most advanced products such as textiles, electronics, motor vehicles, chemical substances, processed foods, steel and nonferrous metals and so on.Cultural practices may have changed out-of-pocket to the cross-cultural information brokered by

ELECTRONIC PACKAGING AND ASSEMBLY Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ELECTRONIC package AND ASSEMBLY - Lab Report ExampleThe figure below shows the High Performance Lead phase Electronic Package.I selected the concept on the basis of its power management applications in the electronics engineering area. The head ups in the extended atomic number 18a of the design increase current competence leading to required power rating. The electronic applications in the recent years find a reduction of per transistor power rate along with higher current and power rating accompanied by better performance and speed constraints. The lead inclose technology keeps these requirements to much efficient position.I exhaust analyzed the various design considerations do in the electronics packaging sector in order to determine the actual and worth design for the voltage package of electronic modules. It is known to all that the electronic package is not just outer coverings of section or conclave of components but the substrate, interconnections and covering are also included in it. The lead frame was made which comprises of a layer of conductor of electricity, a die paddle and a plurality of leads which are remote from each other and are partly bare at the base of the package. This provides a computer program for fitting various components of the circuit to be built. The semiconductor chips include the bond pads which are mounted on the die plane interconnected by the wires between them and plurality of leads. There exists a minimum of deuce wires connected between a minimum of two bond pads and a plurality of leads with single lead. all(prenominal) single lead has an extended portion required for higher performance.My study of the electronic packaging techniques revealed that they have flourished from the primitive blown and shaped slip metal packaging to the trail assemblage in print. The electronics field determines the packaging as a significant area of engineering. The overall performance of a circuit assembly can be increased by ut ilizing

1960's generation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

1960s times - Research Paper ExampleSyracuse, NY Syracuse Univ. Press, 2007. Print. timothy talks about the literary lawsuit of the sixties, who were termed as the Beat generation and how they responded to conformist materialism, issues on gender, racialism and other cultural and social aspects during that period. It also notes how this generation has had an impact on the future generations of America. Riches, Williams T. M. The Civil Rights travail Struggle and Resistance. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Print. Riches talks about the many civil movements that occurred during this period and how the whites were forced to give the African Americans their freedoms and rights. It also talks about how major leaders were born, the transition of political power, assassinations and other major events. Ross, Dorothy. American Modernities, Past And Present. American Historical Review 116.3 (2011) 702. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. It examines the concept of modernity is pres ented in America, with major cogitate in the sixties. It examines the process of modernization in the United States, suggesting that the U.S. was the first of the multiple modernities to exist. It argues that different historical contexts expose different forms of modernity based on a variety of characteristics specific to that location. (Name) (Instructors name) (Course) (Date) The Sixties Generation The 1960s is a decade that had a profound impact on all human kind for generations to come. It gave draw near to some of the most astounding and memorable events. The 1960s not only had the historical significance by assuring equality amongst individuals, it as well changed how we perceive some of lifes events, which would be unheard of in the 1950s. This is the generation that gave birth to political...This is the generation that gave birth to political legends, music legends, art and not to mention fashion icons. As a brilliant philosopher once said, we all learn from our mistakes .. A lot of these mistakes were made during the 1960s and from them we conditioned to become the great united nation that we are nowadays. This paper will expound on how the 1960 has had long significance on our historical and political aspects with reference to the United States. . As John F. Kennedy stated that a man may pass on countries may rise or decline, but ideas stay on, so does the generation of the sixties tries to prove that no matter the hardships, it will still live on and stool an effect the future.African American RightsIn 1960, the Civil rights movement was the greatest and the most historically significant movement that has been thus far. Almost all African Americans had been slaves in the 1950s, but this had changed in the late 1950s, and early 1960 when African Americans were set free from slavery. According to Stephen Knadler in The African American culture and the Sixties (18), African Americans go along to fight in both World War 1 and World War 2. . Africa n Americans willingly defended a country where they had been enslaved, tortured, ignored and still dis-respected.

One Preaching Journal Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

One Preaching Journal - testing ground Report ExampleThere is also a fellowship time offered after the service with chocolate and cookies available for all.The biotic community of which the congregation is a part is a small city of 50,000 people. The city is meet by a rural agricultural area. A large food processing company has a manufacturing plant in this city and is its major employer. There is also a small hospital to look basic health care needs. The community also has its own newspaper and a local tuner station. There is a public library and bingle post office located in the center field of town. There are also small bus and train stations servicing the city. The public develop system has four elementary schools, two junior high and two high schools. There is one Catholic school with grades kindergarten by means of 8 and there is also a Christian school with grades kindergarten through 8 which several Christian congregations in the community help to support. A large c ity of 300,000 is a little over an hours drive from this community. The church building of this congregation is located in the middle of an older residential neighborhood just six city blocks from the center of town. The downtown of this community is suffering an economic decline as large and popular discount stores and shopping centers have construct close to a major highway that runs just outside of town, drawing business to that area and forcing the solving of several downtown businesses. The community is suffering a significant amount of unemployment at this time as the result of the current economic crisis.This congregation is predominately white working middle class people. or so one-half of those in the congregation who work, work in agriculturally related occupations either in the food processing plant, on the farms directly, or in businesses related to the agricultural industry. About 10% are unemployed due to layoffs and cutbacks. About 30% work in stores, banks

Political Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political equating - Essay ExampleHence, it is a citizen right irrespective of his or her origin, sex, race, semi policy-making persuasion or judgment to exercise what according to the constitution is a mandatory. This implies a person ground on what he or she feels towards a certain issue should express oneself freely plainly within the guidelines set by his or her states constitution (Neyer, 2012). In addition, political par implies every person bears equality under the law (Bond & Smith, 2010, p. 8). This message any regime ought to demand adherence to any set laws from its respective citizens without any impartiality based on either status or identity (Bond & Smith, 2010). This also applies in arbitrating justice where any wrongdoer should face fair judgment without any bigotry. Case study Contemporary evidence of political equality is evident in Guatemala where the regime not only ensures effective mechanisms meant to promote ethnic mobilization but also women to parti cipate in authorities (Vogt, 2011). Ethnic mobilization in this case refers to the ethnicization of the former marginalized groups in Latin America, which did not have any say in influencing any political process or action there earlier but lived in passivity of what other mainstream groups already implemented. However, this norm by inferior ethnic groups continuously experiencing political marginalisation has ceased to exist where many of them since 1970s up to construe have explicitly emerged to the limelight of political arena to claim equal interference (Vogt, 2011). Equal treatment or say in this case implies enjoying same land rights, bilingual education/culture and take down self-determination in their respective territories without any form of coercion from the state or influential nation (Vogt, 2011). Latin America and especially Guatemala to have this attainment has taken persistent civil disobedience by varied movements in the region, which up to date they are still active prompting the female gender to take part in politics (UN Women). This is due to the elimination of numerous barriers in form of sequestration and low opinion of the female gender especially while showing interests of venturing in politics. The evidence of political equality in Guatemala in terms of political participation was evident in 2011 whereby 51% of all voters comprised the female gender besides recording high number of women candidates vying for varied posts contrary to other agone years (UN Women). Consequently, prompting UN Women claim the time for the female gender to determine the shape of Guatemalas politics has already come. However, this overwhelming emergency of women in politics during then up to date was through UN Womens efforts by training candidates especially from small ethnic groups, which due to their earlier inferiority experienced marginalization (UN Women). Training initiatives mainly provided by UN Women focuses creating awareness concerning the essence of voting by indigenous women and increasing their political presence. This is because they will not only claim their fundamental rights but also develop others by transport them with the right political

Social class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social tell apart - Essay ExampleIn order to understand these factors, it is imperative to begin by explaining the meaning of vendee or consumer behaviour. The main body of the paper will evaluate the role played by antithetical factors in light of neuroscience. Consumer behaviour comprises the behaviour patterns of determination units ( individual(a)s as hale as families) which precede, determine and keep company on the decision making process for the acquisition of need satisfying productions, ideas and services, (Strydom, 2004, p.2). On the some other hand, McCarty & Perreault (1996) invoke to the government issue that the needs of the consumers, their motives, perceptions, attitudes, learning abilities and their personality have a bearing on their consumption patterns and buyer behaviour towards certain market offerings. Of notable concern is the fact that the consumers do not live in isolation from others and their buying behaviour is also impacted by factors such as c ulture and other social factors obtaining in their respective social environments. Aspects such as cultural and reference groups, family and the social pattern system impact on the buying behaviour of diverse people and these should be taken into good will by the marketers. The study of buyer behaviour mainly draws from psychology with additional inputs mainly from sociology as well as Economics (Lancaster &Reynolds, 1999). Sociologically, the behaviour of people is shaped by factors such as friendship, love, status as well as self esteem among other factors while psychological factors are mainly concern with attitude and perception developed by people towards something. There are several reasons why an individual may buy a event product but the major one is to satisfy different needs as postulated by Maslows hierarchy of needs (McCarthy & Perreault, 1996). Before making a decision to buy a certain product, a need must get-go arise and this need has to be satisfied. This in tu rn compels the individual to make a decision towards purchasing a product that weed satisfy the need. According to Lancaster &Reynolds (1999), the buying behaviour of an individual is determined by factors such as perception, needs, motives as well as attitudes which are either directly or indirectly influenced by the individuals ability to learn. A person first acquires buying and consumption companionship around a particular product and this stage is mainly referred to as cognition. This process can be attributed to the cognitive theory which posits to the effect that that a considerable amount of learning takes place here due to the fact that the customer comes into strive with a certain product and develops a keen interest in it. Before making a decision to purchase that particular product, the customer first learns about the product to gain more knowledge and insight about it. According to this theory of consumer behaviour, the customer is viewed as a problem solver who fir st seeks knowledge in order to solve a problem through information gathering. Mental bear upon is involved where the mind is manipulated in order to arrive at the desired goal. The power of reasoning is primordial in this process and it can be noted that as human beings we subconsciously learn about something through coming into contact with it. For instance, the buyers can learn about a product like toothpaste curiously Colgate through coming into contact with it since there are different brands. Knowledge about a product is created during the early

Lockes Doctrine of Abstraction Essay Example for Free

Lockes Doctrine of Abstraction EssayJohn Locke and George Berkeley be two famous philosophers whose work inst totally(a) similarities in their proximity of publication, further stark differences in their beliefs. In Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he argued passionately for his doctrine of rob cerebrations. On the other hand, Berkeley, in his work, Principles of Human Knowledge, he made all(prenominal) effort to reject all of Lockes claims. Although viciously attacked by Berkeley, Lockes doctrine of pussyfootion holds squ ar as a fundamentally sound and practical doctrine for the advancement of knowledge and communication. In contain II of Essay, Locke engineerulates theories on how knowledge is acquired. Previously in Essay, Locke establishes his position as an empiricist with his discussion of simplistic and complex ideas. According to Locke, saucer-eyed ideas come into the discernment either through sensation or through reflection. With regards to co mplex ideas, Locke argues that, although the wit is a blank slate until impressed upon by experience, he acknowledges the power of the mind to be multifaceted. The acts of the mind, wherein it exerts its power over fair ideas, are chiefly these three 1. Combining several simple ideas into superstar compound one, and thus all complex ideas are made. 2.The second is bringing two ideas, whether simple or complex, together, and setting them by one a nonher so as to take a visual sense of them at once, without uniting them into one, by which it gets all its ideas of relations. 3. The third is separating them from all other ideas that accompany them in their certain existence this is called generalization, and thus all its general ideas are made. (Essay 146) This world so, it is apparent that Locke believes in the minds capacity to manipulate content as it is received.Locke entertains this idea by exempting that the mind subjects simple ideas to various processes such as combin ing, comparing, and generalization. The most important of these three abilities is the minds ability to institute abstract ideas. farther into Book III of Essay, Locke outlines his famous doctrine of generalization, or instead, doctrine of general wrong. Abstract ideas are form by proceeding with especial(a) ideas (which may either be simple and complex). As established earlier, abstract ideas are a result of the minds ability to manipulate. Locke further demonstrates this point by explaining that sole(prenominal) particular things exist in the external world and can be determined by the senses.The physical composition of abstract ideas is reliant on the existence of particular ideas and is therefrom derivative of them. General or abstract terms come to fruition as the result of subtracting away particular qualities such as color, height, weight, and size from an idea. however , at the homogeneous time, maintaining the general or similar qualities that allow the idea to b e diametric or grouped with others. Locke illustrates this point in his discussion of general terms. For example, a particular idea would be, as Locke states, Peter, James or Mary.Through the process of abstraction, one subtracts the qualities that are specific to Peter, James, or Mary, and instead hold up the characteristics which are greens to all three. Thus, the abstract or general term derived from the three, is human existences. (Essay 396) According to Locke the absence seizure of the specific qualities and preservation of similarities is what makes the idea general or relat commensurate to others. Thus forming the process of abstraction, a doctrine that is embraced by Locke, just now wholeheartedly rejected by Berkeley. One aspect of George Berkeley that is safe to assume is that he was definitely non a fan of Locke, or Lockes doctrine of abstraction.This is evident in the sheer feature that Berkeley devoted his introduction of Principles to the refutation of the doc trine of abstraction. However this raises the question Why did Berkeley feel so powerfully? Why does Berkeley feel the need to reject abstraction? The answer to these questions is two-fold. First and foremost, Berkeley sees Lockes doctrine of abstraction as a detractor from the overall purpose of his philosophical work.Philosophy being nothing else still the study of wisdom and truth.. a greater clearness and evidence of knowledge, and be less disturbed by with the doubts and difficulties of other men. just so it is, we see the illiterate bulk of mankind walk the high-road of plain common sense. (PHK intro 1) In this example Berkeley establishes himself as the no nonsense defender of common sense . passim Principles, Berkeley often mentions his disdain for simply verbal philosophical questions that are ultimately speculative and accomplish nothing.By disproving abstraction, he can avoid what he believes to be useless philosophy. Instead, Berkeley presents himself to be rooted mo re so in specifics and what can be cognize. An example of this exists in his discussion of mathematics, arithmetic and the lifelike sciences and abstraction. In this discussion, Berkeley argues that abstraction plays no part in these concepts. (PHK 118-122) Building on this, abstraction withal threatens Berkeleys overarching theme of esse este percepi, Or rather to be is to be perceived. Throughout Principles, Berkeley essentially argues that specific qualities such as color, size, and odor cannot exist unless they are perceived.By this logic, abstract ideas, ideas born absent of perception and stripped of specific qualities, cannot adequately fit into the constraints of hisrequirement for existence. This being so, Berkeley openly objects to and attacks Lockes doctrine. Despite this effort, Berkeley is unable to accomplish his intended goal. In his introduction, Berkeley launches a three divided attack against Lockes abstractionism. Beginning with the inability to abstract argu ment, followed by the inconsistent and confusing and ending with supererogatory argument, Berkeley outlines what he believes to be a killing blow to Lockes doctrine. However, his rejection of abstraction is rather weak.As utter before, Berkeley begins his rejection of abstraction by stating that the human mind is unable to abstract. He illustrates his point through a thought process experiment, I can consider the hand, the eye, the nose, each by itself abstracted or separated from the rest of the body. but then whatever hand or eye I imagine, it must have some particular shape and color I cannot by any effort of thought conceive the abstract idea above described. And it is insufferable for me to form the abstract idea of motion distinct from the body moving. (PHK intro 10) In this example, Berkeley demonstrates his attempt to form a general idea through the process of abstraction.He concludes that the human mind is unable to accomplish this as it is impossible not to attribute specific and particular qualities to an idea when abstracting it. This being so, when imaging an idea, one cannot escort it in general terms, but instead can only view it particularly. This argument doesnt really develop any strengths or weakness for or against Abstraction. If posed with the same thought experiment, Locke would surely answer that he would be able to form abstract ideas within his mind.Because Locke believes all human minds have the same capabilities, Locke would argue that because he is able to form abstract ideas, Berkeley must also be able to do so, thus rendering the point moot. Berkeley moves on from the psychological inability to form abstract thoughts and onto the argument that the abstraction is inconsistent and therefore inadequate as a doctrine. Holding screen no punches, Berkeley directly quotes Locke in his introduction to Principles. . . does it not require some pains and skill to form the general idea of a triangle . . . for it must be neither obliqu e, nor rectangle, neither equilateral, equicrural, no scalenon, but all and none of these at once. (Essay 596)Berkeley is quick to respond to this statement. In effect, it is something imperfect that cannot exist, an idea wherein some move of several different and inconsistent ideas are put together. (PHK intro 13) In this example, Berkeley criticizes Lockes doctrine as not only being impossible to achieve, but also inconsistent. In his reading of Locke, Berkeley states that Lockes description of the abstraction process as adopting all and none. Berkeley outlines the contradiction that object or idea cannot posses both all and none of the same qualities.Because there exists a contradiction within Lockes argument, Berkeley asserts, that the doctrine of abstraction is flawed and therefore impossible. However, it is in this example it becomes apparent that Berkeley mis-interprets Lockes doctrine. Perhaps in angst to defeat abstraction, Berkeley gets tripped up on Lockes wording. Ab straction only deals with the subtraction of the differences, but keeps the commonalities between ideas. In fact, it appears that Berkeley is the more inconsistent of the two as he accurately describes Lockes accredited position on abstraction earlier in the intro, yet discounts it later on. (PHK intro 9).The third and final argument against abstraction Berkeley outlines is the questioning of the necessity for abstraction. Berkeley argues, from all which the natural consequence should seem to be, that so difficult a thing as the as the forming abstract ideas was not necessary for communication, which is so flaccid and familiar to all sorts of men. But we are told, if they seem obvious and easy to grown men. it is only because by constant and familiar use they are made so. (PHK intro 14) In this example, Berkeley states that general are utterly useless because they fail to appropriately define an idea.Instead, generalizations are adopted because theyre easy and familiar, not becau se they are useful. Furthermore, according to Locke, the meaning of a general term is an abstract idea. Berkeley refutes this notion and explains that a general term denotes a range of particular ideas. As a result, Berkeley explains that abstraction is not only useless, but also confusing. Again, Berkeley refers to triangles in his description. How can we know any proposition to be true of all particular triangles, except we have first seen it demonstrated of the abstract idea of a triangle which equally agrees to all?For, because a property may be demonstrated to agree to some one particular triangle, it will not thence follow that it equally belongs to any other triangle. (PHK intro 16) In this example, Berkeley demonstrates that abstracted general terms lead to confusion. The abstract term for a triangle cannot adequately encompass the idea of a triangle because it can be attributed to a wide range of triangles. (Right, obtuse, acute and so on ) By using abstraction, Berkeley argues, one could be referring to a range of particular ideas without properly defining one. exclusively using the general term triangle does not appropriately account for a triangle because it is impossible tou nderstand exactly what triangle is being talked about. Because of this, Berkeley argues, the lack of specificity in abstract terms allows for confusion which hinders human ontogeny of knowledge. While Berkeley has his moments, ultimately, Locke appears to be the more philosophically sound of the two. This is mainly because of the the application of the doctrine of abstraction and its ability to enhance human knowledge and communication.In Book III Locke notes the importance of abstract general ideas to knowledge. He explains that abstract ideas and sort are of central importance to a common understanding and communication of language. dustup ultimately derived from such as signify apprised ideas. It may also lead us a little towards the original notions how great a depen dence our words have on common sensible ideas. (Essay 388) In this example, Locke explains the purpose of abstraction. With the ability to attach commonly held and general terms to ideas, people are able better communicate ideas to each other because they hold a common understanding.For example if one try to explain the qualities of a cat, imagine how tedious it would be under Berkeleys system of particulars for one to explain every perceivable quality of a cat. In Lockes system, however, ideas can be abstracted and it is commonly known that cats are felines, walk on 4 legs, and are mammals. When someone uses the general term cat others are able to recognize the term and know what is being discussed without further and unnecessary explanation.The ability to make this classification helps the growth of knowledge because it allows all to hold a commonly known concept. Qualities of size, color, etc are irrelevant. General terms attach an efficiency, and the ability for all to understa nd.

Commencement address Essay Example for Free

start address EssayMiltary intervention in a Lesser Deveoped Country as defined by this writer is a deliberate entry by an armed regime, into a res publica with a start standard of living, and a un positive work base. Fifteen years ago the United States intervened into a slighter developed country and deployed their troops into the gulf War. Back then General Schwarfargonkopf was a national ne plus ultra and boasted to the media along with the masses, We could have traded equipment with the Iraqis and still won. The troops returned from the Gulf to a heroes welcome, save times have changed. Today, as Journalists Don M. Snider, and Gayle L. Watkins puts it, there are m any(prenominal) indications that the result is an Army quite unlike the victor of the Gulf War battles. It is instead an Army of decreasing effectiveness, virtuoso which suffers from a weakening relationship with the Ameri wad world and, of more concern, with its own members. Once again quoting both jour nalists, The Army that won the battles of the Gulf War in 1991 was on of the most professional ever fielded by the States. So what are todays unique features of New multitude Professionalism? To answer this inquiry we have to back fourteen years, and as a case study, look at Africa.To quote the Civil-Military Relations in Post-independent Africa South African refutation refresh No3, Huntington gives considerable attention to the question of how civilian supremacy over armed forces might be assured. He begins by making a conceptual distinction between what he calls objective and subjective control. In the former, the officer corps is check by its own professionalism, the most important constituent involving service to the community. He concludes, that the more professional an army, the less of a threat it would pose this would coincide with the ideology of such countries as the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, the USA etcetera So what are the unique features of New Military Profe ssionalism? The answer is that the government should render the military dull, and unbiased. A highly trained, and mentally conditioned soldier ordain carry out any order his government dictates. To once again quote the Civil-Military Relations in Post-independent Africa South African falsifying Review No 3 * break up the officer corps into competing groups * establish political armies and special military units * fathom the armed services with parallel political chains of command* and by indoctrination, covert surveillance and close up party supervision.This representation substantiates that military regiments pull up stakes remain loyal to government command. The next inquiry that one might pose, Are military regimes successful in the political arena, and what are their objectives? You dont have to be a brain surgeon to realize that in lesser developed countries military regimes with out a dubiousness come out on top. In most third world countries a soldiers loyalty is boug ht and remunerative for, through money, privileges, and perks. In some countries high ranking soldiers are seduced into becoming a part of elites organizations.You moldiness keep in mind that the majority of these recruits have never ever watchn the other side of life- the priviledged side. Its not surprising that these impressionable few can be manipulated into blind allegiance to the ruling class. One can only hope that one day all this talk about military intervention will be a thing of the bypast. Lets contemplate on this notion. Is military intervention and war in a global sense on the dip? According to Gregg Easterbrook, from The New Republic, published may 30, 2005 pp. 18-21, it is. Easterbrook says that in the past fifteen years war has been on the down side.According to his findings the media has been manipulating us with horrific scenes of bombing and bloodshed. overdue largely to the fact that today we now have 24 hour cable news channels, along with the world wide internet. People today even have cameras built into their phones. In his discourse he conveys that being killed because of war is the lowest its ever been. According to the statistics, The University of Maryland studies, find the number of wars and armed conflicts widely distributed peaked in 1991 at 51, which may represent the most wars happening simultaneously at any point in history. This would allude to the fact that war in a universal sense is one-half as it was fifteen years ago. The media has been filling our heads with falsities, the truth of the matter is that the majority of the population would rather understand a car bomb going off in some third world country as apposed to watching a report on flowers at our local botanical garden. Its sad but aline, its the same mindset as when youre on the freeway and theres a car wreck everyone slows down to see if someones been killed- its in our nature. Another great statistic is that worldwide military expending is lowering as well.The Center for Defence Information, a nonpartisan Washington research organization, states in current dollars, annual global military spending peaked in 1985, at $1. 3 trillion, and has been falling since, to slightly over $1 trillion in 2004. This magnificent reality once again has not been brought to light by news reports. These news place would have you believe that the world is on the verge of mass destruction. There are only a few nations that are still increasing their military spending, one that poses no surprise is the United States America accounts for 44 percent of global military spending.With the U. S. reshuffling funds to put towards combating terrorist groups, and peace keeping endeavors, they will wind up spending more on guns and miitary recruits than the rest of the world combined. The exact opposite holds true for many of the poorer countries, which is great, because the less money that goes towards guns can go into feeding starving bellies. So why is war b ecoming an archaic ideology? The first factor comes to no suprise, without a doubt its the end of the wintry war.Due to this wonderful fact, tensions in an international manner have loosened, along with U. S. and Soviet support of deputy armies in lesser developed countries. There is also evidence that international arms dealings are slowly becoming a thing of the past. This reality could possibly result in lesser developed countries wanting peace, instead of war. Unfortunately you have to take the good with the bad. In an article entitiled The Syrian Dilemma, the writer alludes to the notion that if Syria is forced to leave Lebanon there could be a chance of Civil War other Iraq, if you will. To quote the writer, The Baathist order has lost all legitimacy, sunk as it is in the most cancerous subversion and abuse of law and human right. To sum things up, military intervention, political objectives, lesser developed countries, military professionalism, and the decline of war is a perplexed concept, in other words, its not an exact science. Even President George crotch hair is vague on this subject. In a 2002 speech he gave to the graduating class at the U. S. Military honorary society at West Point, he summarized, We will extend the peace by encouraging free and absolved societies on every continent. To wind things up, I guess all we can do is stick our fingers in the dike and pray.ReferencesBush, George W. Commencement address. U. S. Military Academy. West Point, NY. June 2002 Civil-Military Relations in Post-independent Africa South African Defence Review No3 from World Wide Web http//www. iss. co. za/Pubs/ASR/SADR3/Baynham. html Easterbrook, Gregg (2003). The End of War? from The New Republic, May 30, 2003 pp. 18-21 Hirst, David (2005). The Syrian Dilemma. from The Nation, May 2, 2005 pp. 20-24 Snider, Don M. , Watkins, Gayle L (2002) The Future of Army Professionalism A need For Renewal and Redefination. Journal excerpt, Vol. 30, 2000 The Center for Defence (2004) The University of Maryland (2004)

The Dust Bowl Essay Example for Free

The patter manger EssayFarmers began to plow and plant straw crops. When World War 1 began the massive wheat crops helped fall many Americans that in another part of the country try where in the beginning of a clinical depression that was caused by the war. The wheat crops also helped feed numerous nations overseas. A drought that began in the beginning of the 1930s persisted and was leading things in a very negative direction. No matter the circumstances farmers kept on farming hoping the rain would soon come back. In 1931 the rain just stopped and the farmers still kept trying to farm. Without adequate crops wad who were already hurting from the depression where working to feel the impact of the drought. In 1934 the drought impacted 27 states and 75% of the country. Most of the impact from the dust bowl was in the southerly plains. The Dust bowl was the result of the worst drought in the history of the United States. In 1935 the cheat on blew for 27 nights and days and people began to die of suffocation and pneumonia caused from the dust.The affect that it had on the development of the United States is that decent before the drought there was an economic over expansion due to the high demand of the wheat and the great soil for crop growth. The poorly managed the land because of over planting and harvesting and when the drought derive the affect was significant economically and the government had to put out large amounts of money to try and observe the economy. 2. Sun Belt The economic and political impact of the nations shift in macrocosm from the south to the west is called the Sun Belt.The economic growth since World War 2 increased migration from the northeastward east in the United States. The rapid growth in population changed quickly and moved people to the Sun Belt states. It increased tourist industries and brought wealth to the Sun Belt states. This impacted the geographical and surroundings of the section of the United States great ly. B. One significant environmental or geographical factor that contri besidesed to the development or dissemination on one military personnel society from Egypts geographic characteristics that affect the development of human society were the Nile River.The Nile River made the ability of a large population in a desert region. Also, the Nile would waterspout bringing rich soil to the lower regions of the rivers course. The crops in this area did well and the flooding helped set a steady schedule for planting and harvesting and because of this the societies remained stable and had extra time to develop art and attainment in their culture. The people of Egypt also had access to close to of the largest quantities of stone such as granite. This began the development and create of pyramids instead of mud buildings.The Nile River played a huge role in the development of Egypt. 1. Cultural diffusion between Mesopotamia and Egypt. The social and politically elite from Egypt sought exot ic goods and items of symbolic prestigiousness from India (Mesopotamia). For example Mesopotamian piston chamber seals and Afghan Lapis Lazuli which were found in early Egyptian tombs. Not only was there trades of items but there was trades of heads. Egyptians imitated the Lapis Lazuli in their Egyptian Faience (ceramic of glass). Due to the Lapis Lazuli being very rare and big-ticket(prenominal) the Egyptian felt they could benefit from doing this.The Faience represents the first known attempt to reproduce a material to start their own industry. The idea of pyramids could also be traced back to Mesopotamia with the wall around the complex of the third dynasty office Djoser in Saqqara. Mesopotamia also could be credited for influencing Egypt in writing. They say they did not copy but took the idea and started writing from scratch in their own language. When I think about cultural diffusion I think about the tradition of the Christmas tree. It originated in Germany.The decorated t he tree with red flowers and white candles to represent the line of credit of Christ and the body of Christ. When America picked up the tradition through cultural diffusion they change some of the things about how the tradition was done. The Columbia Electric Encyclopedia (2007) Sun Belt. www. factmonster. com/ce6/us/A0847215. html. Retrieved June 16 , 2011. United States History, The Dust Bowl. www. u-s-history. com/pages/h1583. html. Retrieved June 16, 2011. Aleff, Peter (1982) Mesopotamias influence on Egypt. www. recoveredscience. com. Retrieved June 22, 2011.

Pedro Paramo Essay Example for Free

Pedro Paramo EssayThe novel Pedro Paramo is rough a three-year-old man who loses his start and decides to take a journey to a ghost t avowshipship called Comala to find his beginner, and instead dies of venerate and finds out his baffle is groundless. A primal theme that runs through Juan Rulfos Pedro Paramo is the temper of forecast and apprehendlessness in a persons life, which Rulfo demonstrates by Pedro Paramos love for Susana, Juan Preciados journey to Comala for his father, and Susana San Juans propensity for her deceased keep up. Rulfo exhibits Pedro Paramos hope for a future with Susana as a sometimes- ositive nature followed by the negative nature of despair he experiences from her demise. Pedro talks about how he has hoped Susana would return to him after many an(prenominal) years of being g unrivaled since they were children I waited thirty years for you to return, Susana. I wanted to have it all. not just part of it, but everything there was to have, to the point that there would be nothing left for us to want, no desire but your wishes (Rulfo 82).Pedro has been persistent about Susanas return after a colossal thirty years. He has loved for Susana since their childhood when they flew kites together, and thinks she get out roll in the hay to ove him upon her return. He went through all the publish to gain power and land out of the hope that Susana would return and he could meet any beg she wished. Pedro is talking to Don Fulgor about the plan to get rid of Susanas father Bartolome San Juan We need it to be so. She must be left without family. Were called on to look after those in need.You agree with that, siret you (Rolfo 85)? Pedro still hopes that Susana will realize she needs to return to him and come to love him. He believes that it will be easier for her to realize this once Don Fulgor as an order kills her father in the mines. Once he is alone with Susana he plans to comfort her now that her father is not with her or a distr roleplayion anymore. Pedro is pathetic because Susana has just died I will cross my arms and Comala will die of hunger. (Rulfo 117) Pedro is mainly port rotating shafted as a selfish man, but not when it comes to Susana.According to Dorotea Pedro really did love Susana and wanted the best for her. When she died he lost it, he plummeted into depression and did not speak to anyone, because Susana meant the most to him. He promised vengeance on the township of Comala for not caring enough about Susanas death. He choose to sit down and check up on Comala collapse, because no money would circulate through the town since he owned all of it. The character Juan is alike(p) Pedro because he based his choice to go on a journey on a ray of hope only to fall into the shadows of despair.Rulfo displays Juan Preciados search for his father in Comala is based on hope of finding answers to his questions about his father, but is greeted with melancholy news. Juans catch Doloritas has j ust died and she had asked him to go to Comala and make Pedro pay up them spinal column for not being there to be a husband or father only when before I knew it y head began to swim with dreams and my imagination took flight. Little by Little I began to build a world around a hope centered of the man called Pedro Paramo, the man who had been my mothers husband.That was why I had come to Comala (Rulfo 3). Juans mother wanted him to go to Comala to get what he deserves from Pedro and receive payback, but Juan quickly changed his mind about why he was going to Comala. Juan has never seen his father so he is quite ecstatic to see who Pedro is and what he looks like. Juan hopes that he will arrive in Comala to find his father Pedro and start a ew life for himself, and that they will develop a father and son relationship. Juan has received some disappointing information about his father from Abundio You were mistaken about the house.You told me the awry(p) place. You sent me south of nowhere, to an abandoned village. Looking for someone whos no longer alive (Rulfo 8). Juan is speechmaking to his mother aloud out of anger about why she sent him to a ghost town to look for someone who is not alive anymore. Abundio had told Juan that Pedro was dead and that he represented living bile to him. Juan has been unembellished of any hope he had about is plans to find his father Pedro and answer any questions. Juan is dead and is in a coffin talking with Dorotea Youd have done better to stay home.Why did you come here? I told you that at the very beginning. I came her to find Pedro Paramo, who they say was my father. Hope brought me here (Rulfo 60). Juan reminds Dorotea that he came to Comala to find his father mainly because he had hope. It is tragic how Juan dies out of fear and without any hope but sorrow. Juan died with despair knowing that his father Pedro was a horrible man and a dead man. Juan has lost his own life and everyone close o him, just like Susana who ha s lost her lover and father only to slacken her own life shortly after.Rulfo demonstrates that Susana San Juan hopes to reunite with her deceased husband due to her craziness, and that once she figures out he is dead she does not know how to live without him. Susana is in her home dreaming about her deceased husband Florencio And what I want is his body. Naked and hot with love boiling with desire stroking my trembling dummy and arms. My transparent body suspended from his. My lustful body held and released by his strength (Rulfo 100-101). Upon her return to Pedro Susana persistently hopes that her dead husband will return to her.She believes this because she was driven crazy by a series of grave robbings with her father at a young age. She hopes for his return so much that she often has intense dreams with expand memories of her lover. Susana is in her bed thinking about her dream she just had What shall I do now with my lips without his lips to perceive them? What shall become of my poor lips (Rulfo 101)? Susana has now realized that her deceased husband Florencio will never come back to life. She has suddenly lost all of her hope and is now filled with espair and fear of what will come.She never plans on being with Pedro and worries about what will happen to her lips since her deceased husband is the only one she wanted petting her lips. Pedro is thinking about Susana in his thoughts while she is sleeping But what world was Susana San Juan living in? That was one of the things Pedro Paramo would never know (Rulfo 95). Susana might live in the normal world but does not act like it, because she has crazy thoughts and dreams. Pedro will never know what is going on with Susana. She is always thinking about her dead husband because she lives in denial and is on Fantasy Island.The novel Pedro Paramo was about a young man who lost his mother and decided to take a journey to a ghost town called Comala to find his father, but instead died of fear and found out his father was dead. Juan Rulfo used the concept of the nature of hope and despair in a persons life as a central theme for Pedro Paramo, and demonstrated it by using Pedro Paramos love for Susana, Juan Preciados journey to Comala for his father, and Susana San Juans desire for her past husband. Rulfos novel Pedro Paramo is an insightful source of how quickly a persons hope can be taken and turned into despair.

Business Types of Ownership Essay Example for Free

Business Types of Ownership Essay

Hunger Games Book Report Essay Example for Free

thirstiness Games Book Report EssayThe longing Games is a the first concur in a fantastic series of three books written by Suzanne Collins. It takes you into the life of a scared but quick-thinking, brave girl named Katniss Everdeen who learns how to survive on her own from a very young age when her father died in a mining accident. From that day on, she took care of her petite family (mother and little sister, Prim) as well as herself by hunting in the woods of District 12 everyday with her guy friend Gale (who might have a thing for her but no whizz really knows). District 12 was one of the twelve districts that made up the country of Panem. Panem was once the perfect of North America. When an epidemic swept through the continent of North America, Panem was formed and, the people who lived under the rules assign by the capitol did not like it. They rebelled against the capitol and lost. Now, every year, childrens names, ages 12 through 18, are put into a scene of action and drawn out during a ceremony known as The Reaping. This is a dreaded time and no one wants to be a part of it because they know that if their names are drawn, it is almost like a death sentence.When a name is called, you are then interpreted and thrown into what is known as The Hunger Games. Our narrator, main character, and hero besides known as Katniss Everdeen, offered herself as a tribute in dictate of her younger sister Prim in an effort to save her life. When her and Peeta Mellark (the boy tribute from district 12) were taken off to the capitol, they went through some pretty intense training and in the end, well, youll have to read the book to find out what happened but it was sort of an unforeseen ending.This book was so good because it kept you on your toes the whole time. I would rate it a solid 9. 5. I gave it that high of a rating because, the unexpected seemed to happen a lot and things popped up all the time out of no where. The book also kept a good pace and t here werent to many dull moments there was just complete detail that you could picture what was going on in your head while the story kept moving.The precisely thing that I did not like about this book was the fact that it seemed almost too futuristic. Yes, it is straight that the story takes place millions of years from our present day but, it seemed almost to realistic. Crazy is a good boy that describes what some of the people acted like that lived in the capitol. In all though, I really did think that this was a very good book and I would suggest it to anyone who was considering reading it.

Edward Marshall Boehm Essay Example for Free

Edward Marshall Boehm EssayEdward Marshall Boehm is a farmer, veterinarian and nature lover living near New York. He is in the art porcelain business. His merchandise is well- fill outn of its feature and uniqueness. The Boehms wanted to position the company for the long run. Their goals for the company were to make the world cognizant of Mr. Boehms artistic talent, to help world wildlife causes by creating appreciation and protection for threatened species, and to build a continuing business that could make them comfortably wealthy, perhaps millionaires. There atomic number 18 two main issues go about by the company. First, the process of making these porcelain products is complicated and required detailed technical skills the company does not take a shit enough skilled staffs and producing power to meet the demand from the market. Second, the company lacks of enough distribution channels to make awareness of its brand and the uniqueness of its products. The contribution o f the case to strategic management is that Edward Marshall Boehm wants to set a detailed demographic where everyone in the world would be able to see.In order for him to show attain his demographic he has to go through special procedures in order to do so. There are levels to managing his creations how he wants to sell them and who how he want to sell them to. In strategic management you must know your target market and area. You must also know that it takes certain levels of skilled workers in order to contest with major competition. Recommendations for solving the problem of the company can be to try to reduce costs by using other materials at a lower cost or developing a high-velocity production process.Due the fact that the most competitive advantage of the company is the uniqueness and high quality of the product, the company should preserve its quality instead of using cheaper materials or faster production time that may violate the value of its products. First, the compan y should hire more staffs and train them to produce the products in order to append production of lower priced products. Meanwhile, it should find more distributors to raise awareness of the company with larger markets.

Sales Tax Essay Example for Free

gross gross sales Tax EssayOBJECTIVE The objective of this take to the woods is to discuss sales tax income issues from the viewpoint of both the citizen and the Budget Director. Reviewed will be issues of volatility, dependability, and equity as well as how the sales tax encounters activities of government such as economic nurture, residential area initiatives and renovation provision. Finally this work will answer the question of whether there atomic number 18 any other taxes or r purgeue sources to substitute for the sales tax as well as stating why or rather why there is not an existing substitute. INTRODUCTION SALES TAX ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Sales taxes ar collected at the local anesthetic and state levels and utilized by the government in renovation provision to the citizens of the United States. The United States imposes sales taxes in both state and local administrations in which the customer is charged a combined rate which bundles together (USA Sales Use Tax, 2006) the state tax with the local tax. A merchant is required to charged a sales tax if the business has inter-group communication. A nexus is defined as a substantial physical presence. (USA Sales Use Tax, 2006)Not all products ar subject to the sales tax and different states exempt difference products. Sales taxes be applied on the end purchase of goods in retail sales. Economic study has been defined as a multi-faceted access to the teaching of policies and programs designed to preserve, enhance and promote a vibrant and successful business community. (Economic Development process Program, 2005)The health and success of the businesses in communities are stated to be directly linked to the quality of life history experienced by residents in that community (Economic Development Action Program, 2005) which is of patriarchal importance to the entire metropolis or municipality. Creation of jobs and generation of sales tax revenues provide a major contribution to invest ment company the initiatives of service provision with the city. The economic development at heart a city of municipality is greatly dependent on sales tax revenues in most U.S. states. VOLATILITY, RELIABILITY, AND EQUITYVolatility and Reliability are the two primary considerations of a calculate director when revenues raise by taxes are spent on new initiatives. Hirsch et al state that Reliability and Volatility are that which marks the come to the forecome of the question which asks Are new revenues raised by the taxes relatively stable over time or are they excessively volatile and toilsome to predict? It is a fact that generation of revenues from sales taxes may be unpredictable since these revenues are greatly dependent on seasonal factors and economic conditions therefore, merchants may experience a really great Christmas thereof the sales tax revenues for the government will be great as well however, a hunt down year for merchants will also result in the coffers of the government for spending in economic development being quite thin as well. In a journal article relating to the impact of sales tax on the economy of the state of California it is stated thatIf times are good and white plague is high, there will be more revenue from sales taxes than otherwise. If times are bad and layoffs and unemployment are up, personal income taxes will be reduced. Some taxpayers will lose their jobs or not have opportunities to work overtime. Sluggish economic activity will hurt profits and thus collections from corporate income taxes. Similarly, if times are bad, certain kinds of welfare-related expenditures may increase. While the linkage between economic developments and the status of the budget is clear, the actual budget process involves making a forecast of what those economic developments will be. Then budget forecasters must account precisely how the assumed developments will affect revenue (Hirsch, et al, 2004)The third element is that of right whic h is one of the atomic number 23 principles stated by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) that were compiled in 1988 with input from lawmakers and academics. The principle involving Equity along with the other principles for sound tax policy. The five principles are(1) Provision of appropriate revenues (sufficiency, stability, and certainty of revenues produced)(2) Neutrality(3) Equity(4) Easy and economical to administer(5) accountability (i) taxpayers are responsible for payment of their taxes(ii) tax agencies are accountable for administration and enforcement of the tax laws efficiently and fairly and(iii) lawmakers accountable for the integrity of the tax laws. (Hirsch et al, 2004)III. VIOLATION OF PRINCIPLES IN radical YORK ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMNTIn a recent testimony in advance the U.S. Senate in a hearing before the Subcommittee on global Trade of the Committee on Finance earlier this year given by Walter Hellerstein who is said to be the nations leading le gal academic authority on state and local tax revenue stated is that a New York economic development incentive to attract sales to the New York exchanges was a discriminatory tax to the Boston Stock Exchange that viewed the incentive as diverting economic activity from the Boston exchange, a view with which the U.S. Supreme Court concurred. (Testimony of Walter Hellerstein, 2006) Stated as well is that the economic development incentive for its fledging wine industry was a discriminatory tax to sellers of alcoholic beverages produced in other states, a view with which the U.S. Supreme Court concurred. (Ibid)SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Clearly the sales tax scheme or plan of a city or municipality involves the necessary view which is all-inclusive of the factors that will impact the revenues cognise from sales taxes and as well are able to realize the volatility or alternatively the reliability of the sales tax revenues in the budget plan. Then the comprehension of the sales taxes as th ey affect the individuals within the community both from the advantages of the economic development in the community as well as the impact the increase of sales tax will have on the spending habits in times that are characterized by layoffs and unemployment in the area.Finally it must be comprehended that all of this is inherently linked in the planning of sales taxes, city budgets and economic development in that economic development works to get word a healthy and quality lifestyle for the taxpayers that reside in the community, and as well that economic development furthers the growth of businesses and employment within the community.These successful individuals and households within the community in turn replenish the community or city coffers with the sales taxes on the purchases that they make in the community thereby funding even more economic development in the community. Last, the principles that have been reviewed in this research as set out by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) must be followed in order to avoid the concomitant that the economic development initiatives in New York and Hawaii experienced in being found in violation of those principles by the U.S. Supreme Court.WORKS CITEDTestimony of Walter Hellerstein before the U.S. Senate Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance (2006) Online available at http//64.233.161.104/search?q=cacheEnVhxxKAqIYJwww.law.uga.edu/news/ encourage/spring2006/hellerstein.pdf+seconomic+development+sales+tax+issueshl=engl=usct=clnkcd=17Economic Development Action Program (2005) City of Bothell nd Online available at http//www.ci.bothell.wa.us/dept/CM/EconDev/ActionProgram.htmlOne Taxpayers Economic Development Incentive Is Often Anothers Discriminatory Tax.(Advocate restrict/Summer 2006 Online available at http//64.233.161.104/search?q=cacheEnVhxxKAqIYJwww.law.uga.edu/news/advocate/spring2006/hellerstein.pdf+seconomic+development+sales+tax+issueshl=engl =usct=clnkcd=17Hirsch, Werner A. et al (2004) Making Californias State BudgetMore User-Friendly And rank(a) Online available at http//www.spa.ucla.edu/calpolicy02/HirschEtc.pdfUSA Sales Use Tax, (2006) http//www.ustaxnetwork.com/

Current Issues in Management Essay Example for Free

Current Issues in Management Essay determination maker SummaryAim of this studyThis study is to analysis the selected air hose logical argument purlieu and Corporate loving Responsibility (CSR) program implementations of approximately airline and compargon with the selected airline.What is CSRCSR is an approach to business that takes account of issues associated with society and the environment in addition to to a greater extent traditional business concerns of takeholders and profits.The low-f ar airline Ryanair doing about CSRWe tin can see the progeny of Ryanair CSR writ of execution from the interviewee in this section. Analysis and discuss how the airline performance Corporate kind Responsibility.1. INTRODUCTIONIn the last a couple of(prenominal) decades, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has grown in importance, which is reflected by an increasing implore from consumers, employees, legislative systems, and the society for inclusive evaluations about how co rporations ar meeting acceptable standards. CSR plays an in-chief(postnominal) role in the formation of airlines strategies due to the unique characteristics of the airline industry. Nevertheless, CSR in the airline industry has received relatively light attention from academics. The decision of this study atomic number 18 to understand and analysis how the selected airline communicates to the outside world by implementing CSR programs. This research is exploratory by temper and is based on CSR reports published by the selected airline and colligate CSR information on the order websites.This topic has been chose be stupefy of the importance of CSR in business, more specifically in airline industry. What makes the application CSR programs in airline industry a particularly interesting topic to research is the exceedingly competitive and pollutive nature of the industry. This competitive market has been caused by the cost sensitivity of customers, and their desire to get ripe inspection and repair at a decent price, as well as by the saturated nature of supply market due to multiple operators. In order to compete in the market, companies construct to be cost efficient while providing best possible religious service. This, however, is difficult due to mellow operating cost that influence the whole industry.CSR is considered to be a vital part of any contemporary business schema. In our mind focalizationing on CSR can provide airlines with both operational efficiency, as well as image benefits. People are becoming more aware of the social and environmental effects of their consume habits, hence it be projected that innovative and responsible companies go forth continue to do well in the future, as their actions cl baffle the purchasing behavior of customers.The purpose of this study is to provide overview of CSR, discuss and analysis the performance of selected airline in corporate social responsibleness.2. LITERATURE REVIEW ON bodily SOC IAL obligation IN AIRLINE INDUSTRYCorporate are inseparable from society. Nowadays, the debt instrument of corporations is not solely providing products and function, it mustiness excessively take care of the welfare of the various stakeholders in society (Robin, 1987). Corporate nowadays do not primarily focus on profits but being society responsible which generates more intangible value. Consumers prefer to be associated with socially responsible cooperates and as a result of this, corporate leave allocate response to this area and play a private role.First, the flying of airplanes impart adversely affect the global environment (Miyoshi, 2009). Favorable public image can be composed if the airline greening the environment. Secondly, promoting CSR is an spellbinding differentiation strategy, it gains competitive advantages and growing competition between airlines when airlines are offering increasingly identical products and service in marketplace. For meeting the expecta tions of various stakeholders and customers, airlines can fulfill their responsibilities as a corporate citizen especially for planetary airlines operates in multiple countries. at that place seems to be no universally agreed definition of CSR (Frankental, 2001). He crimson argues that CRS is a vague and intangible term which can mean anything to anybody, and therefore is effectively without meaning. The chronic commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while modify the quality of life of the community and society at large(Holmes and Watts, 2000). It is generally agreed that CSR refers to the obligations of the inviolable to society (Smith, 2003).2.1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORIES AND STRATEGIESCSR includes four kinds of responsibilities economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic. The economic responsibility refers to the firms obligationsto be productive, profitable, and to prevail wealth. Firms legal responsibility refers to carrying out their activities within the confines of legal requirements. For ethical responsibility refers to having ethical codes, norms going beyond mere legal frameworks, and being honest in their relationships with their customers and their own employees. Finally, the discretional component includes voluntary or philanthropic activities aiming to raise the well-being and development of society as a whole (Carrol, 1911). CSR issues under a variety of headings Marketplace, workplace, community and environment lead be used as CSR components.Safety is the close important social responsibility for the aviation industry. From All Nippon Airways CSR report 2009, the beau monde reports the contraceptive measures for two incidents occurred in 2008 that influenced stakeholder trust in the airline. In order to improve workplace relationship and employee morale, Korean Air has created an Employee Counseling Center to resolve complaints and receive suggestions from employees. For communi ty, I Can Fly Program from chinaware peace-loving, program is designed to encourage young slew to fly high and to reach for their dreams. Being an external airline, Cathay pacifics community investments to a fault extend to communities outside of Hong Kong. Singapore Airline participates the Asia and Pacific Initiative to Reduce Emission (ASPIRE) Program in 2010, demonstrated green flight, which operated from Los Angeles to Singapore via Tokyo. As a result, it was able to use around 6% less fuel than normally required for a similar flight.Nowadays, customers are more aware of ethical consumption so that the airlines act in positive role in society by implementing some corporate social responsibilities programs. At the same times, consumers are also vulnerable to the problems and crises they are facing to, such as crisis in values and climate change, huge differences among people and also economic crisis in developed countries. Therefore, company can gain customer satisfaction an d market value when they are applying the preceding(prenominal) CSR components.Corporate social responsibility means that organizations take on responsibility towards others in society, not merely on their shareholders and customers (Holloway, 2004). On the other hand, corporate socialresponsibility also can improve our quality of life in the local community to solving environmental or socio-cultural problems locally or globally. CSR has found a positive relationship in both the short and spacious cost (Lee and Park, 2009). (Kang et al, 2010) examined the effects of positive effects of positive (proactive) and negative (reactive) CSR activities.2.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CHALLENEGES AND ISSUES disrespect the potential of a Value Chain approach, the following issues need to be considered if the airline is planning to take on or develop further more comprehensive CSR activities.Financial implicationsThe Low-Fares Airlines business model relies on cost-reduction (Grob and Schroder, 2007). There are costs associated with implementing a CSR strategy but galore(postnominal) are already accounted for within lively budget lines such as Charitable giving, environmental commission programs, corporate sponsorship and etc.StaffingMonitoring, evaluation and counselling of CSR objectives and related actions do require a staffing commitment in order to facilitate accurate report of costs and benefits. The size of the staffing commitment depends on the size and commitment of an organization. British Airways at the time of penning employed 30 staff working on CSR related initiatives (GreenAir 2008)TimeImplement on CSR is a medium to long-term commitment that can only be fully achieved with realistic timescales built in from the start. However, there are some objectives, or quick wins, that can be realized in the short-term.2.3 abstract OF KEY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ELEMENTSReview of the corporate social responsibility theories, strategies,challenge s and issue has shown that to the highest degree of the international airlines (for example, Cathay Pacific Airline, Air France-KML, British Airways and etc) are very proactive in some of CSR components, for example, climate change and environment customer relations by proving a level of customer service and comfort that ensure customer loyalty by focusing safety and security staff private development of the airlines staff by offering personalized career advice, training and boost job mobility within the root word. However, some of budget airlines, they are not really focus on CSR as a business strategy, the reason are airlines didnt want to spend too much specie on CSR because they need to control expenses for other resources to ensure tickets are low prices. Therefore, those budget airlines only focus on environment and community only.3.1 COMPANY BACKGROUNDRyanair was established in 1985 by the Ryan family with 1 share capital and 25 staff. Operation started with daily flight s from Waterford in the southeast of Ireland to capital of the United Kingdom on 15 Bandeirante aircraft (Ryanair, 2010). In 1987, the company acquired their first jet aircraft and as a result increased their network with 15 plan routes from Dublin to Liverpool, Glasgow, Manchester, Cardiff and opened new routes from Luton to West of Ireland. Consequently the number of passengers increased to over 600,000, but the company soon faced intense price competition with Aer Lingus and British Airways resulting to 20m loss. During the 1990s, Ryanair decided to restructure the company by copying souwest Airline low fares model (Ryanair, 2010).3.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AUDIT OF RYANAIRFrom the above audit, it showed that community projects, local skill training, advertising, disability access and ethical policies are not good from interviewees view. CO2 emissions, charity giving, pricing, training investment and safety are just fair. However, Ryanair are good in environmental resp onsibility for example musical theme usage, water usage and waste. To understand why the interview gave this result, it will be discussed by using the following tells.4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSS OF RYANAIR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY public presentationRyanair Corporate Social Responsibility activities report in 2011, it showedenvironment, emissions trading, ethical codes and staff benefits will be enforced in coming year. For instance, Ryanair released two closet releases about its 2008 Cabin Crew Charity Calendar, seven press releases for its 2009 Cabin Crew Calendar, and one press release for its 2012 Cabin Crew Calendar. Also, they even created a website for greening the environment. However, the charity calendar and other philanthropic efforts were not mentioned since 2008 annual report. In 2011 annual report, it also didnt mention what kind of activities they did for the environment and how much fuel consumption they used. The following are the Corporate Social Responsibi lity performance of Ryanair between 2009 and 2012.For community, Fredrick (1986) developed the CSR analysis to include an ethical base to managerial decision taking in the form of corporate social rectitude and terms this CSR3. The theory claims that the study of business and community needs an ethical anchor to allow a systematic critique of businesss conflict upon humane consciousness and human continuity. When consumers book tickets at their website, charged price at the purchased stage is higher than the showed price at book tickets page. Real price has been hidden, it also counted as unethical. If the companys action can have either a positive or a negative impact on the quality of a group or individuals life, then the group or individual is a stakeholder of that company (Lepineux, 2005).On the other hand, Ryanair was not willing to provide services to those people who are disabled and older passengers has resulted in court vox populi and got fines from court. After that, t he airline increased the fare to all passengers and started lobbing airport and airlines, not to provide free services to disabled passengers. In 2010, The central London Country Court found it had acted unlawfully due to there was a passenger who I suffering from cerebral palsy and arthritis and be charged GBP18. Eventually, the one claimed GBP1136.another(prenominal) important example of Ryanairs unethical practices is their advert in 2012. Two UK newspaper adverted for Ryanair have been banned after(prenominal) complaints from readers that they were sexist and treated women as objects (BCC News, 2012). The advertising Standards Authority (ASA) received 17 complaints of this advertising, and said they were likely to cause offence. However, the airline said the adverts promoted its cabin crew charity calendar and usedimages taken directly from it (BBC news, 2012).The company faced try by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) after a string of complaints and the rules have been breache d seven times in two years (BBC News, 2009).Corporate Social Responsibility as the purpose of business and the knowledge and abilities of those that run the business (Worthington and Britton, 1997). Of course, every company is making profit, even Ryanair. Therefore, their operation and the impact on the environment have to be administrated. Ryanair is not very good in marketplace of the CSR components. They got a lot of complaints of cancellations, missing bags and denied boarding. In 2011, the aviation watchdog revealed that Ryanair and EasyJet were subject to the most complaints from British airline passengers in 2010.From Ryanair website, it shows that baggage complaints per 1,000 passengers have increased from 1.18 to 1.88 from 2010 to 2011 respectively. EasyJet had the most complaints with 719 and Ryanair following with 673. It was also noted that Ryanair complaints have risen by 70% since 2005 and the Liberal Democrats said that the numbers proved service standards is a casual ty of lower fares (Guardian, 2010). As explained earlier safety is the most important social responsibility for the aviation industry. However, the flight to East Midlands aerodrome was forced to make an emergency landing and oxygen masks were deployed (The Sun, 2012).There are differences between Ryanair and its competitors in terms of services and how they are delivered. Ryanair pledges simply to get passengers from point A to B safely and at last-place price. Some seats are sold as little as 1 or 1, however, if flights are delayed, passengers should not expect free refreshments (Emerald, 2007). At the same time, the airline treats their employees are different with other airlines e.g. Southwest airline. Southwest airline believes that customers deserve respect, fun and dignity but that their employees come first. This is because employees would treat customers the way they are been treated (Emerald, 2007). Employees from Ryanair are disregard. Also the company is in major disput e with its operation being socially irresponsible.5. STRATEGIC CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RYANAIRCorporate Social responsibility is very important for ontogenesis of the business so that the airline should be more social responsible by addressing the demands of the stakeholders. Building the sense in the organization being socially responsible will improve corporate image to create value.In my opinion, environmental issues should be considered the most important. Despite the airline can only contribute few percent to global CO2 emissions, there still are so many people will consider flying to be much more harmful. Therefore airlines are pressured into contributing to the environment and cut their environment impact. Moreover, focusing on environmental issues airline can gain competitive edge by dint of improve image and operational efficiency. Fuel efficiency, waste and cycle should be the most important to be addressed.CO2 emissions nowadays can be co nsidered. To tackle the issue of emissions, most of the airlines have implemented programs that aim to reduce overall emissions within a certain time period. For example, Air France aims to reduce CO2 emissions 1-2 % annually. This is also important in order to achieve emissions target set by IATA. Most of the airlines focus on improving fuel efficiency, as it is by far the biggest source of emissions. Ryanair should reduce fuel consumption immediately, improved maintenance and engine washing, improved route planning and navigation.Waste and recycling are the second important environmental topic. Waste produced by in-flight operations comprises of aluminum, plastic, mixed paper and organic waste. Chemical waste includes deicing and antifreeze products, keystone and detergents used in washing airplanes and engines. Other waste sources are normal business operations where paper is the predominant material. Most airlines reviewed are trying to reduce waste and focus on recycling. Airl ines should move towards recycling and reduction of waste production in all operational areas. In my opinion this can be achieved by favoring longer lasting, recyclable or biodegradable materials i.e. incatering operations.Airlines have a high impact on neighborhoods and communities surrounding their major hubs. The airline should bet on communities by recruiting and training staff, offering educational support and etc. i.e mentioned previously I Can Fly Program from Cathay Pacific.Creating the organizational close of shared values where employees are willing and enjoy to work. Empower employees to do their job, support and encourage them in their decisions. When employees are empowers to do their job and be respected at work place, they will feel that they are part of the organization and their decision are appreciated, then they will work wholeheartedly at the airline. It can improve customer servicing, reduce complaints and improve airline performance.Safety measures also to be one of the most important areas of airline business, concerning customers as well as employees. Therefore various systems should be implemented to support safe business operations. In order to ensure work safety, trainings supported by risk management systems should be implemented. Key performances should be regularly measured and improved according to the legal requirements.6. CONCLUSIONIn the recent years the importance of CSR has been increasing immensely in the airline industry. Although in many aspects airlines are still behind in comparison to other industries, it has been made apparent that environmentalism and social responsibility issues will only increase in importance in the coming years and decades. Having a business strategy is as essential as never before due to a high need in business life for forecasting, measuring and developing business actions further. There will always be competitors that are potentially doing better business regarding overall revenue which cons equently leads to a need of efficient and organise operations to ensure long lasting business success.Businesses that are going to last and also be profitable in the future are the oneswith CSR incorporated into their business strategy. We therefore believe that implementing it is inevitable. Like many other business aspects a clear vision on how to implement CSR is crucial. Therefore a lane map needs to be developed in order to ensure a successful outcome. It allows the firm to be successful whilst using its resources within its unique environment to meet market needs as well as meet stakeholder expectations (Industry Canada 2006, pp. 32-33).7. ReferencesAlle, M. M and Schmitz, A. M. (2004). Ryanair plc. Sminaire delaboration dun Business Plan, p. 1-45.Moir, L. (2001). What do we mean by corporate social responsibility. Corporate Governance, 1, 2, p. 16-22.Y CO Worthington, I and Britton, C. (1997). The business environment. 2nd Edition. Pitman Publishing LondonHolloway, C. J. (2 004). Marketing for tourism. Harlow etc. apprentice HallLee, S., Park, S.Y., 2009. Do socially responsible activities help hotels and casinos achieve their fiscal goals? International Journal of Hospitality Management 28, 105112Kang, K., Lee, S., Huh, C., 2010. Impacts of positive and negative corporate social responsibility activities on company performance in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 29, 7282.Alle, M. M and Schmitz, A. M. (2004). Ryanair plc. Sminaire delaboration dun Business Plan, p. 1-45.Appelbaum, H.S and Fewster, M. B. (2004). Safety and Customer Service Contemporary Practices in Diversity, organisational Development and Training and Development in the Global Civil Aviation Industry. Management Research News. 27, 10, p. 1-26.BBCNews. (2008). Ryanair faces probe over adverts. on-linehttp//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7337165.stm Accessed 13/03.2010.Bowman, C and Faulkner, D. (1995). The essence of competitive strategy. 1st Edit ion. Prentice Hall.Carr, S., Penson, R and Bendell, T. (1995). The quality gurus-their approaches described and considered. Managing Service Quality. 5, 6, p. 44-48.Chilosi, A and Damiani, M. (2007). Stakeholders vs shareholders in corporate government. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. PN, 2334, p. 1-50.Davies, W. (2000).Understanding strategy. Strategy and Leadership. 28, 5, p. 25-30.selective information Monitor. (2008). Ryanair holdings plc. Data Monitor Europe London.Data Monitor. (2009). Ryanair holdings plc. Data Monitor Europe London.Donaldson, T., Preston, L.E. The stakeholder theory of the corporation concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review. Vol, 20, 1, 1995, pp.65-91.Emerald. Easyjet and Ryanair flying high on the Southwest model. Strategic Direction. 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