Health and Fitness Magazines Negatively Impact Male Thinking :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Health and Fitness Magazines Negatively Impact Male Thinking exemplar Warning Alarms go saturnine inside your head. Youre at the mall walking around with one of your best buds tone at CDs, when all of a sudden you look up and see this drop dead gorgeous girl, whose looking at CDs in the next aisle. You grasp the CD case you were looking at firmly, and use the reflection quickly to make incontestable none of your pimples are ready to burst, and that your hair is fixed right. You glance down at you puff making sure they are set right on your shoes to make them look as cool as possible. Then you make sure that your shirt is straightened up. You take a breath and look up. She gives looks at you out of the corner of your eyes and you feel a skip in you chest. She looked at you You automatically double checked with your eyes to make sure your zippers zipped and that shes not laughing at you, but shes really delightful at you. Wow, you think, she must really think I look co ol That was only a brief glimpse into the complicated life of a puerile boy. A boy who reads magazines, wants a car, plays video games, and watches a lot of TV. Every morning he wakes up and picks out his clothes sometimes taking them off and putting on others that match better. His ultimate goal is to look as good and cool as possible, like those guys in the Gap commercials on TV, with their ideal smiles and their arm always around that really hot girl.Why hire we as males become more concerned about our looks and body? It seemed that only xx years ago it was just the girls really worrying about their make up and nails. Even though we have not come so furthest as to put on make up and paint out nails weird colors to match our 300 dollar outfit to go to the mall, we have become more aware of looking cool and more attracting to the opposite sex. Yet it seems as if instead of looking to better out grades and get a good job to attract females weve started to look more and mo re at our looks then what we do and who we are.

Essay --

This paper explores the correlation between a persons temperament and their zodiac sign. binary human subjects from distributively of the twelve zodiac signs were asked to take a 70-question personality test. The results of each survey were compared to the answer key for their respective zodiac sign. The answer keys were created by answering a survey from the point of view of each zodiac sign separately by using a basic description of what astrology says a persons personality should be based on their zodiac sign. The amount of questions the subject answered the same with their answer key was added to each of the other results in that zodiac category. After all of the results were legitimate for each zodiac group, an ANOVA test was performed to determine whether thither was a significant variance in data between the 12 groups. To further test the data, the perfect number of points received on each survey in a group was averaged to decide whether each group was similar to their z odiac personality. After experimentation, the results conclude that there was a significant difference in the results from each group. Because of this conclusion, it was proven that there is no significant correlation between a persons personality and their zodiac sign. Astrology can be defined in many ways, one being the study of occult influences of stars on human affairs (What is Astrology?). other interpretation of this definition is the prediction of a persons personality and life events based on the placement on stars. Astrology complimentss to be devotion and science at the same time (Schoener). Whether Astrology is a real science or a theory based on lies is a widely debated topic between many people ranging from well-established scientists to everyday ci... ...rological predictions because the current system is very vague. Due to a very small sample size of each zodiac sign (one group only had 5 subjects), it may be beneficial to conduct the experiment with larger grou ps in order to increase the accuracy of the results. Also, a more comprehensive survey could be used to increase accuracy. Because participants knew what the survey was going to be about beforehand, they could have filled it out according to how they want to be viewed rather than how they really are. The survey used for this project seemed to focus on whether someone was more intellectual or creative exclusively. Despite the areas of practical effort, it is important to note that the results of this experiment should not be brushed off and further experimentation on the legitimacy of astrology should be conducted to validate the results of this experiment.

First Paper: “The House on Mango Street” -- Literature Review

First Paper The House on mango StreetIn The House of Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros depicts the character of Esperanza as a coming-of-age female who dreams about having a house of her own. The house will bring for her the personal and family stability that she needs as manifest by the way the author uses the house to represent Esperanzas search for what she wants to be as an artist and as a woman. This is significant because it speaks about how wad may use their imagination as a means to reinvent themselves.Socially speaking, the concept of property is related to the possession of tangible and intangible things by an individual or a trigger officular group. This idea of property brings benefits for some people it gives the feeling of having accomplished something in their lives, along with the stability that allow individuals to jump new ideas and projects as a result of having more confidence. More important, this idea of property brings for people a sense of belonging that is a fundamental part of their success in any community. In The House of Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros starts the story with a main character who describes her family journey to a new house, the House on Mango Street. Despite describing a history of constant moving from different places that has ultimately constituted the girls family, the author implies in this description a sense of family unity that is based on the premise of acquiring property we were sixMama, Papa, Carlos, Kiki, my sister Nenny and me () The house on Mango Street is ours, and we dont have to pay rent to anybody (p. 3). However, when what people accomplish in their lives do not meet their expectations, frustration and disappointment may come alone. This is Esperanza... ...that defines her personality in terms of who she is away from her family heritage. Rather than assuming a name simply because it was given at birth, Esperanza is looking to create her own history away from her parents and her sister consequently, changing her name will be for Esperanza a very important part of her process toward finding an identity. In English my name means hope. In Spanish it means too many letters. It means sadness, it means waiting.For the first time, Esperanza mentions her name, but she implies a negative connotation in it. Her complaint about having a name with so many letters might express her discomfort when trying to be part of a community, because her name has a longer, harder and foreign orthoepy in comparison to the names of her siblings Carlos, Kiki and Nenny, which are more suitable into the sounds of the English language.

Werner Heisenberg :: essays research papers

Werner Heisenberg     One cannot fully appreciate the work of Werner Heisenberg unless oneexamines his contributions in the context of the judgment of conviction in which he lived. WernerKarl Heisenberg was born in Wuerzburg, Germany, on December 5, 1901, and grew upin academic surroundings, in a household devoted to the humanities. His fatherwas a professor at the University of Munich and undoubtedly greatly influencedyoung Werner, who was a student at the grievous bodily harmimilian Gymnasium.      Heisenberg had the opportunity to work with many of the top physicistsin the world including Niels Bohr and Max Born. Like many of the top physicistsof the time Heisenberg received his doctorate at an early maturate. In Heisenbergscase he received it at the young age of twenty three. Heisenberg was not just aresearcher. He was excessively a professor and author. During his career he taught atmany prestigious universities, including the Univers ities of Leipzig, Goettingen,and Berlin. He also wrote many important books including, Physical Principlesof the Quantum Theory, Cosmic Radiation, natural philosophy and Philosophy, andIntroduction to the Unified Theory of Elementary Particles. In 1932 he won theNobel Prize in Physics for his work in Quantum Mechanics.     With the Nazis in power, and World War two on the horizon it wasinevitable that his German heritage would play a crucial authority in his career.Before Germanys blitzkrieg on Poland Heisenberg decided to make one final visitof his friends in the West. Many tried to convince him to stay and don aprofessorship at Columbia, but Heisenberg declined. He felt that it was hisduty to preserve the foundation of science in Germany during the war. He alsobelieved that by staying in Germany during the war, he could help individualGerman scientists. In fact, he did offer jobs to Jewish scientists when theywere fired from their posts at other universities . As time passed, Heisenbergfound that he was powerless to protect his friends. Heisenberg himself waspersonally attacked, and his appointment at the University of Munich was blocked.For over a year Heisenberg was attacked in the SS newspaper, which referred tohim as a "white Jew." The attack became so endanger that Heisenbergs mother,who had a slight connection to Himmlers family, wrote to Himmlers motherasking Himmler to intercede. Himmler personally cleared Heisenberg of thecharges leveled against him a year later, but he was told to study science andavoid discussing scientists. The personal credit line of the investigation surely affectedHeisenbergs creativity.     During the war Heisenberg worked on the German A-bomb project along witha number of other German scientists.

Adam Smith :: Philosophers Philosophy Economists Essays

Adam Smith The British philosopher and economist Adam Smith was born in kirkcaldy, Scotland. He was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Oxford. In 1751 he became a professor at Glasgow. There he wrote The Theory of Moral Sentiment in 1759. This philosophic study gained Smith an appointment in 1764 as tutor of the young duke of Buccleuch. The tutoring took Smith to France, where he started writing The Wealth of Nations in 1776. It was the first complete work on political economy. The book discusses the relationship between freedom and order, analyzes economic processes, and attacks the British mercantile systems limits on free trade. All three aspects are distort together to create a unified social theory. In France Smith met and associated with many of the leading Continental philosophers of the physiocratic school, which based its political and economic doctrines on the triumph of natural law, wealth, and order. He was specially influenced by the French philosoph ers Francois Quesnay and Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, whose theories Smith later adapted in part to form a basis for his own. The book dealt with the elementary problem of how social order and human progress can be possible in a society where individuals follow their own self-interests. Smith argued that this individualisation led to order and progress. In order to make money, people produce things that other people are willing to buy. Buyers spend money for those things that they need or want most. When buyers and sellers meet in the market, a pattern of production develops that results in social harmony. Smith verbalise that all this would happen without any conscious take hold or direction, as if by an invisible hand. Smith also believed that labor, not land or money, was both the source and the final measure of value. He express that wages depended on the basic needs of workers, and rent on the productivity of land, Profits, he said, were the difference between selli ng prices and the cost of labor and rent. Smith said profits would be used to expand production. This expansion would in turn create more jobs, and the national income would grow. Smith believed that free trade and a self-regulating economy would result in social progress. He criticized the British governments high tariffs and other limits on individual freedom in trade.

Adam Smith :: Philosophers Philosophy Economists Essays

Adam Smith The British philosopher and economist Adam Smith was born in kirkcaldy, Scotland. He was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Oxford. In 1751 he became a professor at Glasgow. There he wrote The Theory of Moral Sentiment in 1759. This philosophical work gained Smith an appointment in 1764 as tutor of the young duke of Buccleuch. The tutoring took Smith to France, where he started writing The Wealth of Nations in 1776. It was the first complete work on political economy. The book discusses the consanguinity between freedom and tramp, analyzes economic processes, and attacks the British mercantile systems limits on free trade. All three aspects are woven together to create a merged hearty theory. In France Smith met and associated with many of the leading Continental philosophers of the physiocratic school, which based its political and economic doctrines on the supremacy of natural law, wealth, and order. He was specially influenced by the French philosop hers Francois Quesnay and Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, whose theories Smith later adapted in part to form a basis for his own. The book dealt with the basic problem of how social order and kind progress can be possible in a society where individuals follow their own self-interests. Smith argued that this individualism led to order and progress. In order to make money, people produce things that other people are willing to buy. Buyers spend money for those things that they need or want most. When buyers and sellers meet in the market, a pattern of production develops that results in social harmony. Smith said that all this would happen without any conscious control or direction, as if by an lightless hand. Smith also believed that labor, not land or money, was both the source and the final measure of value. He said that wages depended on the basic inevitably of workers, and rent on the productivity of land, Profits, he said, were the difference between selling prices and th e cost of labor and rent. Smith said profits would be used to dramatize production. This expansion would in turn create more jobs, and the national income would grow. Smith believed that free trade and a self-regulating economy would result in social progress. He criticized the British governments high tariffs and other limits on individual freedom in trade.

The power of social media in political communication

Research QuestionTo determine the bear upon of social media on the flair that political institutions and organizations communicate to the public including the unintended impact of social media on political communication.Research ObjectiveThe track the evolution of social media use in political communication both as intended by those disseminating the information and the unintended impact of having such assessable communication methods for the general public.Significance and condition of ResearchIncreasingly in political communication, social media has been used as a primary method of disseminating information, gathering information and testing public opinion. thusly certain countries continue to use these methods as a primary means of lobbying support. However, not only does it present enormous benefit to political organizations, it also presents a unique opportunity to the public combating abuse of power and an increased awareness and accountability. Some research even goes as f ar as to suggest that the impact of social media has enhanced the citizen participation in democracy increasing the commitment thereto. In the age of social media as a primary means of communication, the occasion and impact of this on political communication is boundless and significant.MethodologyThe primary method of research will be the analysis of different systems of social media usage. at that place is some writings written on the topic, examining different facets of the social media usage in political communication and this will serve as a utile indicator of the ways that social media is used in political communication. Thereafter, individual case studies on various methods that have been employed to great effect get hold of to be examined. In other words, by examining how different political organizations have used social media to their advantage. The sources of these case studies will be evident in the literature written on the topic. How the organizations use social m edia and the effect that it has will be the primary focus of the research. The effect of social media usage will include the benefits on participation as well as the disadvantages relating to sensationalism and accuracy.References Clay Shirky (2011) The Political Power of Social Media Foreign Affairs, 90(1), p28-41 Erik Qualman (2009) How Social Media Transforms the Way We Live and Do furrow online Available on http//www.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uct.ac.za/uploads/corpLearn/pdf/bbs_socialnomics.pdf Accessed on 7 July 2012 Erik C. Nisbet, Elizabeth Stoycheff, & Katy E. Pearce (2012) Internet Use and Democratic Demands A Multinational, Multilevel Model of Internet Use and Citizen Attitudes About Democracy diary of Communication, 62, 249265 Henry Farrell (2011) The Internets Consequences for Politics online Available on http//crookedtimber.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ARPS.pdf Accessed on 7 July 2012 John C. Bertot, Paul T. Jaeger, Justin M. Grimes (2010) Using ICTs to create a culture of transparentness E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies Government Information Quarterly, 27, 264271 Michael J. Magro, (2012) A Review of Social Media Use in E-Government Sci., 2, 148-161 Wenfang Tang and Shanto Iyengar (2011) The Emerging Media System in chinaware Implications for Regime Change Political Communication, Special Issue online Available at http//myweb.uiowa.edu/wenftang/p/scanned%20publications/Tang%20and%20Iyengar%202011.pdf Accessed on 7 July 2012

TEWWG Research Paper

nanny-goat, who dearly cargons for Jeanie, is beyond retroactive, only because she fears for her granddaughters safety. In Harpoons novel, Nanny did not have good experiences with etiolated men. She was born into slavery and was overpowered by her master, raping her. Giving birth to a light-skinned child caused havoc. The masters wife planned to whip Nanny, so she decided to run international and hide in the swamps with her daughter. In later years, Leafy is also raped by a white man, a school teacher. After witnessing disrespect, ill-use, and rape of subdued women, Nanny doesnt unavoidableness to risk that happening to Jeanie as well.Nanny tells Jeanie the truth about the harsh man without sugar coating it. Nanny had every reason to be worried for Genies safety after universe mistreated most of her life. Because of this she forbids Jeanie to seek love of her own and marries her off to old Logan Clicks. Taint Logan Clicks Ah wants you to have, baby, its comfortion (Hurst 14) . Maybe its near place way off in De ocean where De black man is in power, but we dont know nothing but what we see. So De white man thrown and twisted down De load and tell De Niger man HTH pick it up.He pick it up because he have to, but he dont tote it. He hand it to his womenfolks. De Niger adult female is De mule uh De world so fur as Ah can see. Ad been praying uh it HTH be different wide you. Lad, Lad, Lad (Hurst 14). Nanny compares negro women to mules simply because that is how they are treated. Being a black woman was the worst that one could be. They were below white men, white women, and nonetheless black men. They were the lowest and were of course treated that way. Nanny was most definitely justified in her decision to marry off Jeanie to Logan Clicks.As a former slave, Nanny knew what it could be like for Jeanie without a husband, serving as her protection and escaping the cycle of rape and abuse throughout the generations. As Jeanie becomes tired of Logan and mee ts the charming and successful Joe Starks, she decides to leave for Detonative. While being Mrs.. Mayor Starks, Joe puts her to work at their store. Soon the lust in their relationship is lost. Realizing he is growing older and less attractive, Joe makes Jeanie fell terrible for every drop off she makes. This results in violence.When Jeanie makes a mistake in the store, Joe feels he needs to put Jeanie in her place by beating her in front of all the townsmen. After being abuse in one case before, she maintained her emotions and was silent, but this time Jeanie retaliates. Deep down inside she is getting revenge on her father and grandfather. She eels how her return and grandmother felt when they were disrespected, but at a lesser level. Wanting to avenge Nanny and Leafy, Jeanie fights back by striping away his manliness. Even being indirectly traumatized by sexual abuse has scarred Jeanie.Just by knowing that her mother and Nanny were taken advantage of hurts her deep inside. Com ing into the world being a child of violence is mortifying. Especially, being abandoned by her mother and realizing that she never wanted Jeanie to begin with, makes one feel that they dont deserve a place in this world. When not even the mother of the child can love them, who else can? These thoughts must have run through Janis mind a million times. Fortunately for Jeanie, Nanny did not want the family cycle of rape and abuse to continue throughout her generation.Nanny truly makes the difference, causing the cycle to divide. Eventually Joe dies and Jeanie is on her own. Meeting a younger man, Tea legal profession, she fall in love. First being loving and passionate, the relationship turns abusive as Tea Cake takes his anger out on Jeanie. She does not completely break the cycle of abuse. This time, Jeanie does nothing. She does not fight back at all. It is not that Jeanie could not fight back. She really trusted Tea Cake o love and protect her. When she gets hit she receives an overwhelming sense of betrayal and shock (Kessler).It was truly heartbreaking. Fighting back could even make thing worse and make Tea Cake even more aggressive. Jeanie was so deeply in love that she couldnt leave. Even if she wanted to, she would have nowhere to go. In many cases when the woman tries to leave, the man becomes even angrier and would threaten them (Kessler). Resisting the control Of the abuser only seems to make matters worse. Just like Jeanie, many women are physically abused. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence estimates that 1. jillion women are victims of physical assault by their partner each year.Nearly eighty five percent of domestic violence victims are women and females between the ages of twenty and cardinal are at the greatest risk of partner violence. Jeanie was only one of the few women to be assaulted. In the 1 asss, Genies time, it was even more likely that women were abused since men had more rights. One of the universal themes of litera ture is the idea that children suffer because of the mistakes of an earlier generation. In Genies case, this was true. Doing everything she could, Nanny tried to mold a safe world for Jeanie.

Physical Education and Academic Achievement in 10th grade Essay

sensual command in superior schoolhouses in the United severalizes of the States is the one branch of schoolman filed which is gaining fast attention on the side of the Government policy, the schools administration. More and much(prenominal) than emphasis-shift is being observed toward orientation of the students and their pargonnts with regard to the importance of strong-arm direction and its association with real life, health, and, above all(a), with utmoster academic achievement.In schools, although all grades bear importance with relation to natural education and higher academic achievement and attending rate, it is, however, the ninth and tenth-grades where there is a turning point for the students. Therefore, it is the time for the schools administration to pay more attention toward the planning and application of the fleshly education in these grades. animal(prenominal) activity is critical to the development and maintenance of good health.The goal of physical education is to develop physically educated individuals who get down the knowledge, skills, and confidence to screw a lifetime of healthful physical activity (aahperd. org) It is apt to say that the way their physical education is planned and implemented required different parameters. This is so because the demands of students argon different. They need to be exposed to such physical activities which non only excite them but also create a sense of province in them the main focus on of such activities should then be to prep atomic number 18 them for real-life situation and challenges.Read morePhysical information EssaysThe front paper examines the splice between physical education in 10th-grade and higher academic achievement in secondary schools of the United States of America. It also focuses on the link between physical education and its advantages when it comes to higher attendance rate and so on. The paper also investigates the findings of some major(ip) studies cond ucted in the area of academic achievement and its hypothesized family with such other diverse areas as after-school pursuits, homework phenomena, types of activities in and out of school, cross gender and ethnicity issues.This is to give the reader a proper understanding of the major issues in the present debate of achievement in high school and particularly of the tenth-graders. Review of Literature Physical education is a systematic dictation in sports, exercises, and hygiene given as part of a school or college design (infoplease. com). Thus, there are certain goals to be met by implementing the physical education scenario. There have been considerable attempts in encircling the physical education computer programme in the United States of America.However, it is only recently that more and more emphasis is being laid on the importance of physical education and its link between higher academic achievement and proportionate significance of attendance rate. Since the form 1987, NASPE (the National Association for Sport and Physical Education) has been in constant pursuit in the updated information about the awareness in public of physical education in US education system. There are certain reservations that come to us in this regard.Three of them are mainly discussed in the present books about physical education in the US educational system. These are (1) There is no federal law, as yet, which says that physical education is to be provided to the students in the US education system also there are not listed any incentives to offer physical education programs. 2) Although states whitethorn come up with some ground for the physical education policies, the state schools are free to work on their own in promoting, retaining, reducing the physical education portfolio in their own way. ) Another issue is that many states let go the responsibility for all content taught in schools to local school districts. (pe4life. com) The evidence is also name on other lit erature and net resources that plainly make it public that in the United States of America, physical education is not something prioritized.Even physical education in high school and elsewhere are in sorry shape and that the physical education has been squeezed out of school by new curriculum requirements and other factors (ducationworld. om). Apart from this, there is now word by such professionals as physicians who see that physical education is very necessary for a founder future generation. More solidity evidence comes form the Report to the President Promoting Better Health for Young People through Physical Activity and Sports. In this report, Donna Shalala, Health and Human Services Secretary, and Richard Riley, Education Secretary, boldly wrote Our nations young raft are, in large measure, inactive, unfit, and increasingly overweight.This report should stimulate carry through to make sure that daily physical activity for young people becomes the norm in our nation (pe4li fe. com). Although we can see that today more and more attention is being paid to the physical education policy in US education system, there are grave critical areas that need to be addressed for a better physical education policy. For example there are trends of abating physical education time in schools because of public press from academic side.This is very much a problem present in todays education system. The simple fact is that more and more research findings are glide path along with results that show that the old maxim sound mind in a sound body is aptly right. Thus it is now acknowledged that the students who are physically fit perform better on the academic side as well. In this connection we see that a 2002 California Department of Education study found a direct correlation between higher levels of physical fitness and higher academic test scores.According to Delaine Eastin, California State Superintendent of Public Instruction, We now have the proof weve been looking for students achieve best when they are physically fit (pe4life. com (b)). As such, a new educational approach is now being said to be coming up on the educational front of the US schools that is called total mind, total body educational approach. In addition to the above, U. S. Surgeon General Report states that roughly two out of three adult Americans, or 130 million of us, are overweight or obese as such The health problems related to our growing girths are well known more heart diseases, diabetes and other weigh-related ailments that station 300,000 Americans to an early grave every year. In fact, if childhood obesity continues to grow at current levels, some health officials contend, this generation of youngsters may actually have a shorter lifespan than their parents a first in history (smc. edu). When the report gives this alerting call to the nation, it is of much relief that in the same report the U.S. surgeons also carve out some strategies to overcome the problem. Amo ng these strategies, the most prominent place is give to the physical education for the jejunenesss in the high schools. However, this is also not pervert to state that with the advent of the recognition of physical education in high schools, specially in ninth- and tenth-grades, another debate has taken birth Whether or not physical education grade be included in high school students GPA.This school of thought considers that inclusion of physical education grades in students GPA will boost up students morale and will encourage them to do better in the physical education class because Physical education is truly a microcosm of life, and every lesson taught has the potential to translate into the real world and prepare students to become healthy, productive members of society (elibrary. bigchalk. com).Whatever the arguments are, we can be certain that in todays literature about physical activity and high schools, physical education is something that needs more and more berth in sc hools policies so that a better tomorrow can be handed down to our future generation that is already getting more pressure from academic side. If we look at the schools curriculum regarding physical education of ninth- and tenth-grades, we find that there are no serious attempts at defining the education.For example, a school in US states only three basic goals for physical education for the ninth- and tenth-grades (benton. k12. wi. us). Another school very shortly gives only the names of the physical activities to be observed by the students (rockingham. k12. va. us). This kind of treatment is in abundance and needs serious attention on the part of the government and school administrations to bring solid measures for the improvement in this area. Physical Education and Academic Achievement in 10th-gradeWhen it comes to physical education in high schools, we find that it is very important for people who are in grades ninth and tenth because This is an age when students begin to impo se self-judgement in terms of accepting their physical appearance and their willingness to involve themselves in overconfident physical activities (teacherweb. com). According to the Physical Activity and Health (a report of the surgeon genera) there is deep linkage between physical education and academic achievement.Physical education makes it possible for a better and healthy start in life enabling students to go for challenges that are not touched upon by those who are not active through physical activity. Moreover, the report suggests that schools should create such programs that can offer students opportunities by which they can get into physical activity. At this stage, this becomes more important because that report informs that as people grow, they show more and more declination in goring for physical activity Physical activity declines dramatically with age during adolescence (cdc. gov).Thus, there is stark need that students of ninth and tenth-grade must be made aware of the importance of physical education and their academic achievement. The physical education should also be given priority by the school administration so that a sound educational environment can be achieved for fitter and academically better grounds for the students of high schools. This has been found through the research that physical activities may enhance cognitive functioning of the brain. This, as a result, may explain the relationship found between the students involvement in physical activities and their academic success (nps. 12. va. us). There are three major findings in the literature that relate physical activity involvement and the cognitive functioning.These are 1) There is a significantly affirmative relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning in children 2) Results support possibility that participation in physical activity causes improvements in cognitive function 3) Acute bouts of physical activity work short-term positive benefits on the beha vioural and cognitive functioning of youths ) It has also been found that Being on a school sports team and having a positive achievement orientation were positively associated with physical activity levels (holidaycalendar. dsr. wa). Therefore, from this very analysis it becomes pretty clear that in 10th grade (or roughly in high school), physical education plays a very important role as far as the phenomena of long, healthy life is concerned as far as real-life active participation by the youth is concerned and, above all, their academic achievement is concerned.However, looking at the picture more closely, we find that the present scenario in the United States of America, when it comes to physical education, academic success, link between physical education and academic success and real-life situation there are certain challenges present to the Government. For example, Nearly half of young people aged 12-21 are not vigorously active on a regular basis and physical activity declin es dramatically with age during adolescence (arlington. k12. va. us).And this has surely given the government a call of high alert because it is simply suggested that less physical activity on the side of the youth will give rise to ailments that will in return proportionately affect academic achievement of the students. Thus, today we can see that the United States of America is building more solid policies for coping up with the situation. In this very connection, a recent example is the Presidents Challenge program, which purely focuses on bringing the people of the U.S. to the physical activity grounds so that a healthier society for the future can be the possibility.This is a program that encourages all Americans to make being active part of their everyday lives. No matter what your activity and fitness level, the Presidents Challenge can help propel you to improve (presidentschallenge. org). The Presidential Challenge program is all about remaining with an active lifestyle an d the program specifically focuses on how to assess the citizens in this regard.This program also introduces some rewards for the participants of the program like PALA (Presidential Active Lifestyle Award (presidentschallenge. org). This simply gives us the idea that the government of the U. S. has come up with grave policies which focus on the physical fitness of the citizens for a better tomorrow and a healthy society.Physical Education and Academic Achievement DebateThere are different schools of thoughts within the research that circle around the relationship between academic achievement in students and such other phenomena as physical education, homework, favorable loafing, and so forth. A considerable area of research exists that especially takes into examination the students of eighth to tenth grade. For example the article After-school pursuits, ethnicity, and achievement for 8th- and 10th-grade students which is one of the funny piece showing the contribution of people li ke James B.Schreiber , Elisha A. Chambers, Walberg, Paschal, & Weinstein, Cooper, and so on.Thus the proponents of homework suggest that Homework has been shown to have a positive relationship with academic achievement. And that there is also a proportionate difference between the amount of time spent on homework (After-School Pursuits). However, the other side of the stake comes up with the argument that there is not total contribution that can be related to homework alone when looking into the matter of higher academic achievement.This school of though aptly analyzes the effects of physical education on academic achievement of the students. For example, a research review by Holland and Andre in the year 1987 brought into their examination the relationship, if any, between physical education or athletic participation and academic achievement in the students. Their findings brought some more elements of debate in the clever circle because they found that there were sex-related dif ferences among students as far as physical education and academic achievement is concerned.They reported that the research demonstrated that male high school athletes received somewhat higher grade point averages (GPAs) than did nonathletes. However, when one considers standardized achievement or aptitude tests, boys whose only after-school activity was sports scored overthrow than national averages on the Standardized achievement Test. No significant differences in GPAs or standardized tests were observed between female athletes and nonathletes (After-School Pursuits).

Key Functions of Education from a Functionalist Perspective

What ar the key functions of development from a Functionalist Perspective? Ever since the statement dodge was invented, in that respect have been a lot of ideas and criticisms of how it should work. The most famous sociological groups, functionalists and Marxists, were part of this and still are today. They both think that their views are best for society. Talcott Parsons believes that the education system has three main functions. Firstly it socializes young citizenry into key cultural value such as compare of opportunity, competition and religious morality.Education is said by functionalists (especially Durkheim) to emphasize moral responsibilities in society that people should have towards each other. If these norms were not passed down through generations then there would be a aim for individualism (where people believe that they are to a greater extent important than social groups). Citizenship and religious education were introduced as compulsory subjects in schools to see that young people did things with thought for the society. The second function is to do with the skills that education teaches children, from literacy and numeracy to more job-specific skills.Occupational jobs are becoming more specialized and this in turn will lead to more years in education. The final function of education, according to functionalists is the allocating of roles of young people in society. Examinations and qualifications are said to allocate people for their most suited job. The equality of opportunity took place and so amplyer talented people are given the most functionally important jobs for the society. Parsons was criticized as he failed to consider that the values transmitted by the educational system may be those of a ruling minority rather than society as a whole.Like parsons, functionalists Davis and Moore saw education as a means of selecting or shifting people for different levels of the jobs market and ensuring that the most talented and qualified i ndividuals are allocated to the most important jobs with high rewards. Society is therefore meritocracy in which people are rewarded for intelligence, ability and effort. They where criticized because the relationship between academic credentials and occupational reward is not close. Income is only nerveless linked to educational attainment. There is doubt ab place the proposition that the educational system grades people in terms of ability.It has been argued that intelligence is so difficult to autumn down that school achievement can never equal intelligence. While Marxists do share many ideas of functionalists e. g. the fact that education prepares us for out acceptance of the values of society they also see how the education system is alienating children. Functionalists, on the other hand, seem unable to see this and believe that the education system can only do well to children by teaching them norms and values. Functionalists where criticized because as Marxists say, educati on system is not meritocratic as there are the influence of class, ethnicity and gender.

Retail Management Exam Notes

World of Retailing Retailing the set of business activities that adds measure out to the products and services sold to consumers for their personal example or family use * Retailer a business that gives products and/or services to consumers for their personal or family use * tag on Chain set of firms that make and deliver goods and services to consumers * Wholesalers engage in purchase, taking title to, often storing, and physically handling goods in large quantities and hencece reselling the goods to retail merchants and other businesses * Vertical Integration that a form performs more than than one set of activities in the channel, as occurs when a retailer engages in wholesaling activities by in operation(p) its own distribution centers to supply its stores *Backward Integration when a retailer performs some wholesaling and manufacturing activities, such as operating warehouses or designing private-label merchandise wherefore are retailers needed? 1. Provide an florile gium of products and services 2. Breaking bulk 3. Holding inventory 4. Providing services Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) an organization voluntarily taking responsibility for the impact of its activities on its employees, customers, community and the environment * Intra typecast Competition competition between same type of retailers * Intertype Competition competition between retailers that sell similar merchandise using different types of stores, such as reject and department stores *Scrambled Merchandising When retailers offer merchandise not typically associated with their type of store * Retail Strategy how the retailer plans to focus its resources to accomplish its objectives 1. Target market, or markets, toward which the retailer will direct its efforts 2. The nature of the merchandise and services the retailer will offer to satisfy the needs of the target market 3. How will the retailer will build a long-term advantage over its adversarys * moral philosophy principl es governing individuals and companies that establish appropriate behavior and indicate what is right or wrong Ch. 2 Types of Retailers Variety number of merchandise bur differ in the variety and admixture of merchandised offered- Breadth of Merchandise * Assortment number of different compass points offered in a merchandise category- Depth of Merchandise* Stock-Keeping Unit(SKU) each different item of merchandise * Conventional Supermarket large self-service retail food store fling groceries, meat, and produce, as wells as nonfood items, such as health and dish aerial aids and general merchandise- stock about 30000 SKUs * Limited Assortment Supermarkets or Extreme-Value Food Retailers stock about 200 SKUs * Power leeway fresh-merchandise along the outer walls of a supermarket, that include dairy, meat, floral, produce, deli and coffee bar * Fresh Supermarkets smaller and more at rest than a traditional supermarket and have less(prenominal) space devoted to packaged goods * Fair Trade practice of purchasing from factories that pay workers a living wage, and offer other benefits like onsite medical word * Locavore Movement focuses on reducing carbon footprint caused by transportation of food throughout the world * Supercenters large 185000 sq ft that combine a supermarket with a full-line discount store Ex.Wal-Mart * Hypermarkets 100000 to 300000 sq ft combine food (60 to 70%) and general merchandise (30 to 40%) * Warehouse Clubs retailers that offer limited and irregular kind of food and general merchandise with little service at low footings for ultimate consumers and small businesses * Convenience Stores provide a limited variety and assortment of merchandise at a convenient location in 3000 to 5000 sq ft stores with speedy checkout * Department Stores retailers that carry a broad variety and buddy-buddy assortment, offer customer services, and organize their stores into distinct departments for displaying merchandise * Full-Line Discount Stores reta ilers that offer a broad variety of merchandise, limited service and low prices Ex.Wal-Mart, Target, Kmart * Specialty Stores quash on a limited number of complimentary merchandise categories and provide a high level of service Ex. Victoria Secret * Drugstores concentrate on health and personal grooming merchandise * folk Specialists big-box stores that offer a barrow but deep assortment of merchandise Ex. Bass Pro Shops * Category Killers offering complete assortment, using their category dominance and buying power * Extreme- Value Retailers small discount stores that offer a limited merchandise assortment at low prices Ex. Dollar Tree * Off-Price Retailers or Closeout Retailers offer an inconsistent assortment of brand name merchandise at a significant discount off the manufacturers suggested retail price(MSRP) Ex. T. J.Maxx * Closeouts end-of-season merchandise that will not come back the following season * Irregulars merchandise that has minor mistakes in construction * Outlet Stores off-price retailers possess by manufacturers or retailers * Factory Outlets own by manufacturers Ex. Coach * Retail Chain company that operates multiple retail units under common ownership and unremarkably has centralized decision making for defining and implementing its strategy * Franchising contractual agreement between a franchisor and a franchisee that allow the franchisee to operate a retail publication using a name and format developed and supported by the franchisor Ch. 3 Multichannel Retailing Multichannel Retailers retailers that sell merchandise or services through more than one channel * Retail Channel the way a retailer sells and delivers merchandise and services to its customers* Internet Retailing, Online Retailing, Electronic Retailing or E-Tailing a retail channel in which the offering of products and services for sale is communicated to customers over the earnings * Catalog Channel a nonstore retail channel in which the retail offering is communicated t o customers through a catalog mailed to customers * Direct Selling a retail channel in which salespeople interact with customers face-to-face in a convenient location, either at the customers home or at work * Multilevel System independent businesspeople serve as maitre dhotel distributors, recruiting other people to become distributors in their network * Pyramid Scheme develops when the firm and its program are designed to sell merchandise and services to other distributors rather than to end users * Television Home Shopping a retail channel in which customers watch a television program demonstrates merchandise and then place orders for that merchandise, usually by telephone, via the internet, or via the TV remote* Infomercials 30 to 60 minutes that mix entertainment with product demonstrations and then solicits orders placed by telephone * Direct-Response Advertising 1 to 2 minute advertisements on TV and radio that describe products and provide an opportunity for consumers to or der them * Automated Retailing a retail channel in which merchandise or services are stores in a machine and dispensed to customers when they deposit cash or use a credit card * Vending Machines automated retailing machines, placed at convenient, high-traffic locations * Benefits of Store Channel 1. Touching and Feeling Products 2. Personal Service 3. fortune reduction 4. Immediate Gratification 5. Entertainment and social interaction 6. Browsing 7. Cash Payment * Benefits of Cataloging 1. base hit 2. Convenience 3.Ease of use * Benefits of Internet Shopping 1. Safety 2. Convenience 3. Broad and deep assortments 4. Extensive and timely information 5. Personalization * Risks in Electronic Shopping 1. Security of credit card transactions on the internet 2. Privacy violations * Disintermediation when a manufacturer sells directly to consumers and bypassing retailers * Channel Migration consumers collecting information about products on their channel and then buying the product from a competitor Ch. 4 Customer Buying Behavior * Buying Process steps consumers go through when buying a product or services, begins when customers recognize an unsatiable need *Utilitarian Needs shopping to accomplish a specific task * Hedonic Needs shopping for pleasure entertainment, emotional and recreational experiences * Cross-Shopping buying both premium and low-priced merchandise or patronizing both expensive, status-oriented retailers and price-oriented retailers * Internal Sources information in customers memory names, images, past experiences * international Sources info provided by ads and other people * Every day-low-pricing policy assure customers that that wont find an item at a lower price at a different store the next time they shop for it * Multiattribute Attitude Model based on the notion that customers see a retailer, a product, or a channel as a collection of attributes or characteristics

Leadership and nurse retention: The pivotal role of nurse leaders Essay

The Massachusetts Department of Higher nurture in collaboration with the computer address Thu12 l 1033 (Thurston, 2012)organized a working sectional gathering highborn Effective Mentoring treat Leadership applys after Training Completion and development skills for charge nurses. Over 40 experienced professionals from major statewide stakeholders in the health c atomic number 18 attention were brought together during this session. Those in attendance included nurses from various practice sessions and re marchatives from the Department of Higher Education, the Board of Registration in Nursing, the Massachusetts Center for Nursing (MCN), the Massachusetts Association of Colleges of Nursing (MACN), the Massachusetts/Rhode Island League for Nursing (MARILN), other national accrediting agencies were overly present like the National League for Nursing Accrediting tutelage (NLNAC) and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). The keynote speaker for the conference was M D Welborn E. Crawford of Massachusetts Semin Hospital who has extensive experience in go guidance on organizational leaders in the practice of medicine and is also chairman on the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) board. Crawford also has several publications under his belt specific altogethery discussing about how to boost development skills of leading at the workplace. His past roles in professional development atomic number 18 inclusive of nurse peer review and advancement, teaching and the use of simulation. The current role he holds at the hospital as MD provides oversight on how various departments of the hospital are run including quality service provision and process improvement. The conference sought to ensure that, graduating nurses from nursing school to induce a platform to ensure a seamless progression in their career by furnishing with necessary knowledge and skills that will ensure their development while practicing nursing after their graduation . Participation in the conference was on the consideration of the fact of holding a charge nurse position at my workplace and the unceasing fill to make decisions and supervise ACRNs at the workplace needed a more calculating approach of leadership.Analysis of Leadership Characteristics and StyleMost of the conflicts in the nursing industry are as an maturationd inefficiency in leadership styles and practices. In many instances, personality traits often in whiz way or the other demonstrate a link with leadership behaviors and characteristics and in this instances are either inborn or easily learned. The main focus of Crawfords oral colloquy was on the process of enhancing transformation of other nurses while at the workplace through meeting the needs of the pre-identified environment. The keynote speaker kept the participants going passim the session through the asking of questions. Through the question and feedback process, a debating platform was created similar to the on e encourage for organizational leaders where employees are everyowed the opportunity to be engaged in the decision-making process of an organization. He reflected on Brooks and Andersons publications which suggested that a good number of nurses felt invaluable to an organization when they were not allowed the opportunity to get into in decision-making processes and their efforts at the workplaces going unrecognized. These ideology posters to core the need of as a leader to acknowledge a subordinate in the event they founder something worthy at the work setting.The exchange of education and negotiation between people and their leaders has evolved over the years and this and this has similarly had an impact on leadership theories evolvement. In the conference setting, our keynote speaker had adopted the democratic style of leadership where all and sundry were allowed to measure in on the debate and from the information provided by the audience, the Crawford expounded further on th eir ramifications in ensuring success during task performance. Further from his speech, it became clear that apart from the democratic leadership style, there existed other two plain styles that have always been adopted by leaders namely authoritarian and laissez faire. Under authoritarian leadership, an employee were not allowed to make any decisions and in most cases handles all managerial duties and decisions all by themselves without any external interference from the employees. It is largely the opposite of democratic leadership. Lastly, there is the laissez-faire leadership style where the leader is in total control of all aspects of an organization. Environments are also fundamental in determining what particular style of leadership will be a success but transformational leadership is mostly championed for in many leadership settings for it is particularly considered to create a conducive environment for not only nurses but also their respective patients. However, there sti ll exists doubts on the credibility of these words for there exists little or no studies at all that pinpoint an exact correlation coefficient between leadership behaviors, patient outcomes and nursing practice environments.Charge nurses were therefore encouraged to adopt the transformational leadership style for the nurses that one is in-charge of are allowed to participate in any decision-making process. It has been established that nurses have positive response to transformational leadership because it ensures that build and develop themselves case-by-casely as a unit thus they are in person empowered to achieve their goals. In retrospect, in utilization of this kind of leadership, a leader is equally motivated a leader that allows the creation of synergetic environments where creativeness drive out be easily managed. Considering the fact that a good number of nursing discords are in one way or the other connect with the leaderships styles, it is master(prenominal) for charg e nurses to adopt a stance of universe facilitators for solutions as opposed to being worry creators. One important aspect fro transformational leadership is the democratic decision-making approach with employees to similar to what Dr. Crawford was utilizing at the platform. The participatory decision-making approach allows an increased accountability of actions at the workplace by employees thus they are empowered and the same can be transformed to patients. Frontline charge nurses who not have effective leadership practices in most instances do not perform their duties for solving problems at the nursing unit, it therefore important for such leaders to adapt effective leadership skills so that they can be assured of achieving better outcomes.Communication skillsIn delivering speeches, it is important for a speaker to develop an interpersonal relationship with his audience for it is the foundation for all human interaction. Not only are effective communication deponents serious in delivering speeches but also it ensures the normal function of various systems of an organization. In the nursing workplace, as a charge nurse it is important to ensure that communication is two-way in the sense that not only are people listening to directives of their leader but also the leader allows them the opportunity to air their concerns. Whether an individual is traversing information in a formal or informal context, it is important for them to acknowledge their audiences, purpose for speaking, follow through in what one is putting across, have a broad array of presenting your information and utilization of several techniques in delivering information CITATION Ant13 l 1033 (Anthony, et al., 2013). It is also important to note ones external environment while putting across a specific message for it determines how information seriated and perceived by an audience. In the case of Crawford, he cerebrate mainly on the ensuring the comfort of his audience by constantly asking whether or not they were comfortable in the conference room and delved mainly on the progressive leadership in nursing for all those in attendance were knowledgeable of the topic being discussed. The speaker was also keen on ensuring that all the stakeholders and those in attendance were convinced of his thoughts on progressive leadership for nurses and how to develop this in graduation nurses form nursing school by ensuring that he gave a clear background information of the topic he was discussing then finally gave an in-depth analysis of the developmental ways for building leadership skills for junior nurses at the workplace. while communication his information across, his stands on leadership styles were backed up by facts and claims from other professionals in the healthcare industry with utmost clarity and simplicity which ensured a good number of those in attendance to comprehend the information that was being put across and the purpose of the conference was thus being achie ved in an astute and prospective manner.MD Crawford made it his mandate to ensure that all relevant aspects of leadership in nursing and how to nurture young habits in graduating nurses could be accomplish which brought to core leadership issues that if neglected by one who is in-charge at the workplace could impact negatively on the functioning of a particular unit of a hospital CITATION Ame09 l 1033 (Association, 2009). Considering the fact that nurturing the graduating nurses was a new noble thought process for healthcare practitioners, the idea therefore needs a lot of selling. The sales talk of this message was efficient in the sense that it was being aimed at the correct audience who efficaciously act on it, this was ensured through constant repetition of the idea in the delivery of his speech and for sure he did deliver the message to its desired levels for a good number of participants after the conference signed up for a two month seminar that Crawford suggested for the 27th the same month where further leadership models would be discussed and how they could be applied at the workplace. With respect to the experience of Crawford and considering that he was getting delivering his speech to his peers, he adopted the good old boy presentation style. Basically, his presentation was divided into an introduction which gave a clear understanding of the problem that needed nursing practitioners attention. Secondly, he talked of the organizations which sponsored the event and their role in collaboration with the American Nursing Association in ensuring nurses developed well envisaged skills to be gravid leaders in their nursing careers upon graduation from school by ensuring there existed some sort of mentoring platform where they could interact and exchange ideas with experienced professionals in the industry CITATION Gir12 l 1033 (Girvin, 2012). Thirdly, using visual aid supports like chart drawings and diagrams, the speaker used supporting facts to put across information regarding leadership styles and how effectively communication can be achieved at the workplace. Most importantly, each visual aid used in the delivery of the speech fully gave an in-depth understanding of what was being discussed whose main purpose was to ensure that those in the audience were familiar with the topic being discussed by the end of his presentation. The conclusion of the presentation effectively showed that the proposal that was presented by the speaker could be made effective in hospital interstate and according to the interpersonal discussions among the participants it was evident that the stakeholders present were eager to take up the hatchway of pushing the recommendations into a reality. Upon conclusion of his speech, the keynote speaker allowed the participants to air their questions which were promptly answeredCritical ReflectionsThe speakers speech was outlined and delivered to the requirements of the Massachusetts Organization of Nurse Ex ecutives who had organized the conference. In clearly defined detail, the conference topic, Effective Mentoring Nursing Leadership Practices after Training Completion and development skills for charge nurses, was extensively addressed and all the stakeholders present were given a challenge of developing some sort of mentoring program that will help in nurturing the leadership skills of graduating nurses. Guided by the conference topic, Crawford presented the leadership debate convincingly through diving his content into leadership issues and the most effective ways and the role played b communication in ensuring one was efficient in their position as a leader. The adoption of a Good Old Boy presentation style of communication was effective considering that the participants at the conference were his peers and this coupled with his use of visual aids to deliver his speech ensured a good delivery CITATION Was10 l 1033 (Waskett, 2010).Implications for Professional Nursing PracticeThe c onference proceedings were influential in answering good number of concerns that those in the nursing environment experience in their workplace which generally ingrain the outcomes of the job. A good number of problems are associated with the nursing charge position such as poor description of the jobs being delegated to others, irresponsibility experienced with the an increase in the duties appended to a particular individual at the workplace and most importantly the lack of necessary knowledge on how to undertake leadership positions. Personally, the conference furnished with important knowledge of I was previously ignorant on the role of communication for leadership. It was evident that as a charge nurse, I need to be not only authoritarian when it came to decision-making situations but also involvement and listening to other nurses will help with ensuring that a diverse pool of ideas are available to ensure an easy decision-making process. At the same time, involving other in d ecision-making ensured that they felt part of the organization that they were more motivated to perform their tasks effectively CITATION Gar09 l 1033 (Garvey, Stokes, & Megginson, 2009). As a leader, I have the mandate of ensuring and facilitating the learning process of other junior nurses at the workplace through the more beautiful method of mentoring. With respect to developing a mentoring platform for graduating nurses, it is important to ensure that all nurses at the workplace are under a senior defender at the workplace who will ensure that the nurses are given lessons and guidance on how to communicate effectively at the workplace thus preparing them for future leadership positions.ReferencesAnthony, M., Standing, T., Glick, J., Duffy, M., Paschall, F., Sauer, M., et al. (2013). Leadership and nurse retention The pivotal role of nurse leaders. Journal for Nursing Adminstartion, 146-155.Association, A. N. (2009). Nurse leaders pass measures on disastser planning . Washington DC American Nurses Association .Garvey, B., Stokes, P., & Megginson, D. (2009). Coaching and Mentoring Theory and Practice. London SAGE Publications .Girvin, J. (2012). Leadership and nursing Part two styles of leadership. Nursing and Managment , 20-22.Thurston, B. (2012, August 24). Annual Conference on Nursing leadership 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2014, from Massachusetts Organization of Nurse Executives http//www.mooneleadership.org/Waskett, C. (2010). Clinical supervision using the 4S model 1 Considering the structure and setting it up . Nursing quantify , 12-14.Source document

The rise of high

Background Information on EX. INC The caller EX. is a high-end retail chain that sells luxury watches, jewelry and handbags. The company has decided that they would like to expand their system on a global scale. The organization wants to begin a company in China for a period of 1 year, within that year they exit begin to branch out to the countries of Brazil, India, and Russia. As the company begins to work on their short-term objective Of expanding, into China and into the B. R. I.C footprint, on that point impart be small and large-scale salmagundis that will occur doing the surgical outgrowth, formulating and follow uping a bloodline plan that defines the organization structure and strategy is key to expanding the organization on a lobar scale. There will be many challenges associated when trying to navigate luxury brand items into operating environments across the B. R. I. C to capitalize on the growing wealth and booming middle class. It is speculated that by the ye ar 2050, the B. R. I. C would be wealthier than most of the current economic powers in the world. The B. R. I.C represents more than 40 portion of the worlds population. According to investigated China and India will become the worlds dominant suppliers of manufactured goods and services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as appliers of raw materials. due(p) to lower labor and production costs, many companies also cite BRICE as a source of foreign expansion opportunity Move. investigated. Com). Globalization has expanded and intensify the exchange of many goods and services over vast distances. The recent pace of global integration within the B.R. I. C has dramatically increased, with changes occurring in technology, communication and transportation, these process select made businesses more interdependent than ever. Weiss states In an increasingly globalizes world, in which change comes at an ever-faster rate, a DOD business must always puddl e a set of short-term as well as long term goals and a detailed strategy for how to reach those goals. (Weiss, 2012). With the economic growth process occurring through globalization, EX. Inc. Has decided to expand their high-end luxury brand stores globally.As the senior executive representative for EX. Inc. , eat been put in charge of the companys first international expansion. It will be my responsibility to decide what organizational changes will take place. As the puller of this expansion, I need to use an appropriate change model that will find ways to improve and expand the organization. The choice Of expanding on a global scale can increase profit bonus can be offer to future and current employees, and new partnerships are formed that bring new clientele into the EX. organization.China is a great choice for EX. Inc. Global expansion, china is the blurb largest country in the world, they have about 1. 3 billion people who live and work in a economy where high-end luxury i tems are cherished and produce there daily. China is the hub for imported and exported goods, nothing feeds into Brazil, Russia or India without coming through China first. The readerships made in China will have a long term affect on future expansion into the B. R. I . C. Knowing upfront the economic advantages in China will give EX. Inc. He competitive advantages that is mandatory to move forward in the global growing market. As the company begins to work on their short-term objective of expanding into China there will be small and large-scale changes that will occur doing the process, formulating and implementing a business plan that defines your organization structure and strategy is key to expanding the organization on a global scale. Implementing and planning the organization expansion is a lot of responsibility for the persons who have to implement the plan and for the managers and team members who has to enforce the plan.There are three types of changes that happen at the organizational level, the first change is developmental change, this involves an gain of what already exist. The second change is the transitional change, consists of an implementation to achieve a cognise desired stats that is different from the existing 2012). The last change is transformational change, which involves the emergence of anew, unknown state for the organization. The moved to China is transformational change. Making the transformational shift from the IIS to China will be hard if the proper planning and guidance is not clear.Five Dimension Change model gives the organization a forced guideline to use to stay on bring in and conviction with the planned move. This change model provides distinct implementation phases that help the leadership, managers and team members move to their desired destinations. There are a complete Of five steps that will ensure that EX. will accomplish there assigned tasks, an take care of there managers and employees in the process. Mot ivating Change preparing to lead the change, s the senior executive of this organization it is my responsibility to ensure that raise this organization for change on a global and international platform.My company leaders want to partner up with four of the largest countries in the world to become globally competitive. Am being asked to lead immediate change. I must prepare by learning the reality of the situation in B. R. I. C, studying the facts, numbers and details, will need to prepare a case while identifying if I have the right skill sets within my organization to lead the change. I must motivate change by creating readiness and overcoming the resistance for change. tone of voice 2 Creating Vision,- the organization overall vision is to have stores open throughout the B.R. I. C. , to achieve this process, the team will kick at past, present and future conditions. There is no success in business without a vision or a plan. A business plan lays out your companys goals so that everyone involved can keep centre in the same direction. A strategic plan takes this process a step further by giving every division and employee in your company a step-by-step procedure for obtaining the goals set forth in your business plan. Keeping employees focused on the plan means communication and involvement.Every employee will implement your strategic plan as long as he knows his role and can monitor his progress as well as the progress of the company. (www. Smellinesss. Chronic. Com) Step 3Developing Political Support- an organization must have political support through transformation process. Step 4 Managing the Transition-according to Weiss intervention must be designed and implemented in both motivating and managing the transition. An organization cant be afraid of large-scale changes, leaders must know hat is needed within the organization to move towards the company vision.Step 5 Sustaining Momentum while change and transformation are happening within the organizatio n, leaders are much busy with many projects and are preoccupied with many task, this step allows employees to be engaged and involved with moving towards the organization goals. Open communication between leaders and employees are very important in this last and final stage, providing feedback on concerns, ideas plans goals and performance is important that all see and understand the planned vision of he organization. Used the Five Deem change model for my short and long term change model. Just go through the same process of leash my team Short Term Change Model Dungy and States Four Levels Of Change Model The Dungy and States Four Levels of Change Model, will guide EX. Inc to the transformation that is needed to move the company to China, this change model will help them in 4 different levels achieve there expansion goals internationally. There are specific 4 levels that can occur in an organization. The first level Fine Tuning, this change involves and ongoing process of itching and fitting an organization strategy, structure, and processes with the environment.This is the level where a strategic plan is laid out at the beginning of the move, every person within this process will be given a step- by-step procedure for obtaining goals sit forth in the organization strategic plan. Leaders and manager will play a very important role of keeping employees on track for the mission at hand. The ultimate responsibility of carrying out the goals set by all falls back on leaders and mangers when the task arent completed to standardized or on time.Level 2- Incremental adjustment this change model predicts changes that evolve slowly and systematically at a constant rate over time within the organization to fit the external environment. Slightly larger than fine tuning, incremental adjustment to the organization can include correcting faulty processes, changing business emphasis, reallocating staff and so on. This takes more work and has a greater risk of going wrong and So is more likely to use local improvement projects, where people take time out of their day work to engage in study of the situation and design of appropriate solutions.Companies that do this often have internal facilitators who are trained up in the methods of improvement and techniques of facilitating nappy, D. And State, D. (1993). Level 3-Modular transformation. Organizational change is radical in this type of change, but it is focused on subparts rather than on the entire organization for example, restructuring departments or divisions changes in key executives and managers responsibilities introducing new processes in IT, human resources, or a business process. This type of change is related to transitional change. Weiss, 201 2) Beyond incremental improvement is Business Process Reengineering, or BPR, where the principle is that where incremental changes have limited effect, significant improvements may be achieved by forgetting how the process is enacted at the present a nd starting with a clean drawing board. Such clean slate approaches both liberate the designer to entirely re-think how things are done and also give the opportunity for significant failure. A common failure in such projects is where a process gets automated but the bundle does not behave as well as intended. Level 4 Corporate transformation.

Continuous I In Managing Health And Safety, Along With Quality And Environmental Considerations

IntroductionOrganizations today, in addition to ensuring client satisfaction and loyalty, must besides demonstrate to its broader s chargeholders a unified scheme which underscores tender, milieual and nearlyness and resort concerns. It should demonstrate commitment to continuous wage increasement in the perplexity of the health and gumshoe, and working environment of their employees and should take into account the environmental restore of the product line procedures and its impact upon the communities and society.A dutys operation in term of what it produces should also be responsible, hence legislation concerning health and condom at work, environmental protection and prohibiting the use of substances hazardous have been put in place. Goernment and other restrictive bodies for instance, wellness and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Environment Agency (EA), have also been set up to undertake enforcement of these regulations. Stakeholder expectations with regards to the organisations incarnate responsibility in respect to the above legal havements has grown in recent years and also incorporates factors such as, corporate image, the reputation of the organisation and emulous advantage. Numerous focus standards including ISO 9001 (1994), ISO 14001 (1996) and OHSAS 18001 ar put in place to deal with these requirements. Each of the standards outlines the requirements for management formations to change organisations to concur or eliminate its health and safety and environmental risks and to ceaselessly improve its consummation and the prime(prenominal) of its product, services and operations. The move towards an integration strategy for an nerves management carcasss has largely arisen be act of Stakeholders expectations of continuous returns, increasingly stringent legislation and greater market reads (Griffiths, 2000).This try out discusses how an cheek coffin nail improve its motion in term of health and safety, and envi ronmental and social impact by adopting a total woodland management strategy. It pass on further discuss how the total tone management system should integrate the aforementioned note standards to implement a integrated management system. vastness of Integrating Health/Safety, Environment and Social Concerns in Business OperationsThe public assistances of an effective corporate strategy in improving health and safety measures, and environmental and social impact include an improve financial per regulateance and turnover for an organization. Secondly, it digest improve an organizations relations with its away stakeholders including investors and community, which can by and by create better opportunities for it to access capital (Scheme, 2012). Thirdly, such a strategy is good for employee relations and can enable a favorable corporate culture (Scheme, 2012). Continuous improvement can also enhance risk management capabilities or an organization. Lastly, it could foster stro nger relations with legal regulators (Scheme, 2012).One of the reasons that addle a corporate strategy with health, safety, social and environmental concerns at its core important for a businesss performance is the growing prevalence of social media (Truist, 2012). Such a corporate strategy can help a company create a positive image (Truist, 2012). Moreover, such a strategy can enable an organization to engage with its audience/customers in ways beyond its products or services (Truist, 2012). A nonher benefit of such a corporate strategy is that it fosters a positive relationship of an organization with governments (Truist, 2012). Companies who continually improve their operation and thus have a positive social perception are better positioned to be intimate up with government regulators (Truist, 2012). On the other hand, an organization can be faced with a blue public image which can have significant impact on its financial and business performance in case it fails to address these management issues.It has become very important for organizations to implement and accredit with quality, health and safety systems and environmental ascribable to the increasing pressure from their internal and various external stakeholders. These include governments and regulatory bodies, local communities, customers, workers, and suppliers and business partners. However, organisations require considerable amount of resources to implement and maintain of such systems or to make changes to existing ones. This may have a direct affect on the bottom line of the business corporations. Accreditation with quality standards and acquiring certifications can incur hefty costs. If in-house expertise is non available many companies may need the services of external consultants to assist them in adhering to such quality standards. These costs, for many small or medium sized businesses can therefore be prohibitive. Irrespective of this, organisations have to face the demands of their various stakeholders to ensure a positive engagement with them. These issues greatly affect what firms decide and what they do. Continual improvement to the complete customer satisfaction implies that business corporations should aim at a point where they meet the requirements of quality in terms of environment and safety standards in addition to product and service quality.It can be critiqued here that adhering to gritty quality standards has better pay off in long term and thus quality does not incur additional costs. Philip Crosby supports this view in his work titled as Quality is Free (1979). The hand turned a light on for many of its readers. The book contended that contrary to the common perception, quality does not add any costs to a product. Indeed adding quality is a break-even proposition at its least(prenominal) and graduate(prenominal)ly profitable at its best since quality always pays off in the long flux (Crosby 1979). During the 1970s and 1980s when Crosby prop osed this contention, corporate strategies were mainly focused on tasks such as achieving power in manufacturing or improving sales. Corporate managers generally had low priority for quality think issues and similarly lacked obtain in such matters. This entire period was generally marred by negligence of quality. However, quality in its various forms has become an integral part of the modern day organizations and an important corporate agenda due to the highly competitive business environment and increased social awareness.Customers nowadays are judging brands more than and more based on how these have been sources and produced (De Oliveira Matias and Coleho, 2002). This has implications for a wide array of factors that affect the boilersuit quality of various business processes. These include the quality of the goods/services and business functions, and the overall these operations in terms of environment, workers health and safety and ethical standards. The growing influence of these factors is a shift away from just economic sustainability towards economic, social and environmental sustainability. There is generally more awareness regarding how business entities treat the environment and workers. In a step further, a large segment of the consumers are taking these factors as benchmarks for judging the quality of goods/service produced by corporations (Schema, 2012). With the growing popularity of such wider interpretations of quality standards, companies are required to integrate quality related management systems (and related certifications) in their corporate strategy. vigilance SystemsAdherence to Quality steering Systems (QMS) such as ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 can be considered as a starting point for improving quality. This can then be extended to systems related to the environment, social responsibility and occupational health and safety by systems such as ISO 14001 and/or EMAS, SA 8000, and OHSAS 18001 respectively. Adherence to these standards can be accompanied by the development of the model of quality done a shift from simple quality control system towards a Total Quality wariness (TQM) approach (Matias and Coelho 2002). TQM, is an integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the quality of products and processes (Ahire, 1997). This philosophy is aimed towards continuous improvement in all processes.Total Quality ManagementTQM system was put forth by Dr. W. Edwards Deming (Deming 1986). He proposed that by adopting get hold of practices of management, businesses can improve quality while reducing costs (due to the reducing in waste, rework, staff scrape and litigation). According to him, in order to increase quality and reduce costs simultaneously, businesses would have to practice continual improvement and consider manufacturing as a system rather than bits and pieces (Reilly 1994).Deming proposed 14 points as a simulation for transformation of organizations from the present style of Western management to a total quality culture. These points can form principles for continuous development in various business aspects including health and safety, and social and environmental responsibility. The points do not constitute much as an action plan but more of a philosophical law for management. These fourteen points areCreate constancy of purpose. Adopt the new philosophy. Cease dependence on charge to achieve quality End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag. amend constantly fetch training on the chore. Institute leading Drive out fear profane down barriers between departments Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force asking for zero defects Eliminate work standards, substitute leadership Eliminate management by objective. Substitute leadership. Remove barriers that rob the worker of his right to insolence of workmanship. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement. Put everybody in the company to work to come across the transformation.(Deming 1986)Organizations can implement such a management system to ensure continuous improvement in managing health and safety, along with quality and environmental considerations.Quality Management SystemFor realizing this management philosophy, the implementation of a ball Quality Management System (QMS) is a desirable objective. To address these particularised corporate goals, organizations seek accreditation to specific standards. The ISO 9000 is one such standard which comprises of a set of essential elements that enable the design and implementation of quality management systems (ISO 9001. Generally, the application of these standards will raise the abilities of a company for instance improving performance of operations, reputational value, acidulated costs, and supplier and sub-contractor selection. Along with the fundamental requirement of quality, many organizations now strive to achieve and demonstrate to their stakeholders a sound e nvironmental performance, by curtailing the impact from their activities, products and services on the natural environment. These environmental issues are considered in the ISO 14000 Standards (Standards for the environmental Management Systems). These standards, (quality and environment) emphasize on the importance of similar managerial aspects such as exit management commitment, leadership and continuous improvement in performance. Moreover, the OHSAS 18001 standard aims to assist organizations in management and control of their health and safety risks and in the overall improvement of the OH&S performance. Organizations with quality and environmental management systems, which are certified, or aspire to ISO 9001 and ISO 14000 standards certification should in addition incorporate a system of management of health and safety such as OHSAS 18001. A strong commitment to these standards can advance to a complete corporate strategy by amalgamating all these leash standards into an integrated management system (IMS). coordinated Management Systems (IMS)An IMS is the organisational grammatical construction, resources and procedures used to plan, monitor and control project quality, safety and environment (Griffith 1999). Other definitions are comprehensively detailed in Wilkinson and Dale (2000).The case for integration of the three standards described for quality, occupational health and safety and the environment is now widely discussed in literature and IMS is increasingly seen as part of the organisations management portfolio. There are several requirements and points that are common to the three management systems, such assystem requirements, leadership (management responsibility), management of resources, management of processes, system implementation and monitoring and measuring(Griffith, 1999)These three sets of standards con be combined under a common underlying principle of continuous improvements based on Demings (1982) TQM cycle of Plan-Do-Che ck-Act. Furthermore, these three sets of standards can share the same managerial resources such as (1) system documentation, (2) business process records, (3) corporate policies, (4) project planning, (5) managerial responsibility, (6) strategy implementation, (7) management controls, (8) communication standards and systems, (9) audits, (10) conformity, among others. With regards to leadership, these standards require process leadership from the top management in order to allocate maximum responsibility to the top management. Regarding prevention, these standards demand the acknowledgment of preventative actions for the mitigation of potential non-conformities. Concerning continuous improvements, these standards underscore the improvement of management system in a continuous manner. The structure of OHSAS 18001 has been developed to advance compatibility with the quality management (ISO 9000) and environmental management (ISO 14000) systems. This compatibility eases the integratio n of the three systems in the organization.Benefits of IntegrationAn organization may attain a number of tangible and non-quantifiable benefits from the implementation of an integrated management system.In term of operational management, IMS ensures that the daily operations are existence performed effectively without the need for high level management intervention and input, thereby freeing up of management time to concentrate upon tactical issues and focusing on strategic management. Decision making processes are improved as the IMS provides up-to-date nurture from a single source. It achieves improvement in resource utilisation through decrement in the extra of processes and procedures and the time spent in the review of documentation this accomplishes a tangible cost benefit, as debate to the duplication of effort required for three totally variant systems. An integrated system also provides for a higher level of management control than is the case for the management of s eparate systems. An integrated system overseen by a single person, who has an overview of all the operations of the company and can provide input into the development of the overall goals and objectives of the organization, thereby making it easier to implement changes, rather than the restricted, functional approach in fulfilling individual systems objectives.The implementation of an integrated system can also lead to enhanced communications in the organization. By delivering effective IMS training programs, confusion can be avoided that may result in contradictory messages being conveyed through the separate system training programs. Hence employees at all level across divergent departments can exchange ideas and expertise in the same manner and utilise the same approach.As a tangible benefit, organisations can realise a positive cost benefits through efficient operational processes and procedures and improved resources utilisation. By keeping the overheads down through these i mprovements, organisations can maintain market share and achieve competitive advantage. With regards to reputation and corporate image, organisation may also undergo enhancement social perception, as having an IMS demonstrates environmental and social responsibility. In addition to the positive cost benefits illustrated above, another direct cost benefit that can be achieved by integration is in the internal and external audit requirements. Separate management systems require each individual system to have separate internal and external audits. However, since the procedures are amalgamated in the integrated system, this considerably reduces this requirement. Further, by focussing on issues pertaining workers occupational health and safety, for example, through the intensification of worker job satisfaction can lead to an increase in productivity which can imply greater efficiency and financial revenue for the organization. Adequate management of occupational health and safety wou ld, thus, also bring a positive influence in shareholder interest and, consequently, in the organizations suppliers, providing more opportunities for business. Moreover, benefits are also to accrue at the level of product compliance and conformity, bringing satisfaction to customers and a reduction of scrapped material with the implied environmental benefits. One can thus conclude that all the elements interested in the organization would be satisfied.Difficulties in Integration of SystemsThe existing systems of organizations may seem to be sufficient and work well and integrating new approaches in business operations and corporate strategy can threaten the structure and reliability of the current arrangements that may have the support of all within the organisation. The IMS can become over centralised and over-complex and lack the flexibility to consider local needs and constraints, thus leading to employers and employees becoming dubious by what they see as a worsening of this sc enario under integration. Organisational vulnerability to against change can cause unforeseen consequences during the integration implementation. Furthermore, whilst IS0 9000, the quality management standard and ISO 14001 the environment standard are internationally recognized and certifiable, OHSAS 18001 the occupational health and safety management systems specification, though certifiable, is not internationally recognised. Health and safety and environmental management are often underpinned by law whereas quality management system requirements are in the main, established by stakeholder requirements (IOSH, 2012)ConclusionsNowadays, it has become important for business organizations to engage with its stakeholders as part of its corporate strategy. pinch their concerns and aspirations is considered to be an important prerequisite of a successful and sustainable corporate strategy. With an increased understanding of the stakeholders concerns and aspirations, businesses will be better positioned to capitalize on upcoming opportunities which may include better-motivated employees and good relationship with external stakeholders. In todays business world, various stakeholders have become active in their demand for a business to become socially and environmentally viable in additional to its economical viability.In general, an organization can improve its business operations in terms of health and safety, and environmental and social impact by adopting a total quality management corporate strategy. Particularly, an organization can bond to specific standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14000 and OHSAS 18001 to pursue a total quality management approach in the area of health and safety, environment and social responsibility. Adherence to such practices and standards can be amalgamated through an integrated management system that collectively dealswith quality, environmental, and health and safety management. The need for an IMS has also arisen as a result of the decision to implement an environmental management system (EMS) and/or an occupational health and safety management system (OH&SMS) in addition to a quality management system (QMS).IMS as a concept does not, emerge merely from the possibility for a company to exploit existing synergies between different management systems that it can adopt (saving money, time and human resources). On the contrary, it is something intrinsic to the cornerstones of quality, environment and health and safety, namely continual improvement and total customer satisfaction (Salomone, 2008).ReferencesAhire, S. L. (1997), Management Science Total Quality Management interfaces An integrative framework. 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